Free Essays on Organizational Change And Development

organization development is a system and or effort that are set up in a specific way. In the table shown below is the â€Å"planed system of change† (Jacobs, 1994). TABLE 1 Planned. OD takes a long-range approach to improving organizational performance and efficiency. It avoids the (usual) "quick-fix". Organization-wide. OD focuses on the total system. Managed from the top. To be effective, OD must have the support of top-management. They have to model it, not just espouse it. The OD process also needs the buy-in and ownership of workers throughout the organization. 2 Increase organization effectiveness and health. OD is tied to the bottom-line. Its goal is to improve the organization, to make it more efficient and more competitive by aligning the organization's systems with its people. Planned interventions. After proper preparation, OD uses activities called interventions to make system wide, permanent changes in the organization. Using behavioral-science knowledge. OD is a discipline that combines research and experience to understanding people, business systems, and their interactions. There are several ways organizations go about change efforts, examples are technological innovation, training and development or new product development. These ways a... Free Essays on Organizational Change And Development Free Essays on Organizational Change And Development ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT AND INTERVENTIONS What is organization development? â€Å"Organization development is a process that applies behavioral science knowledge and practices to help organizations achieve greater effectiveness†. (Cumming and Worley, 2001). The purpose of organization development is basically to help the company grow and develop as an organization. â€Å"Organization development is an effort, planned organization wide and managed from the top to increase organization effectiveness and health through planned interventions in the organization’s processes, using behavioral science knowledge†. (Rouda and Kusy, 1995). In other words organization development is a system and or effort that are set up in a specific way. In the table shown below is the â€Å"planed system of change† (Jacobs, 1994). TABLE 1 Planned. OD takes a long-range approach to improving organizational performance and efficiency. It avoids the (usual) "quick-fix". Organization-wide. OD focuses on the total system. Managed from the top. To be effective, OD must have the support of top-management. They have to model it, not just espouse it. The OD process also needs the buy-in and ownership of workers throughout the organization. 2 Increase organization effectiveness and health. OD is tied to the bottom-line. Its goal is to improve the organization, to make it more efficient and more competitive by aligning the organization's systems with its people. Planned interventions. After proper preparation, OD uses activities called interventions to make system wide, permanent changes in the organization. Using behavioral-science knowledge. OD is a discipline that combines research and experience to understanding people, business systems, and their interactions. There are several ways organizations go about change efforts, examples are technological innovation, training and development or new product development. These ways a...

3 Tips for Writing Stellar Yale Supplement Essays

3 Tips for Writing Stellar Yale Supplement Essays SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Yale admits just under 7% of their total applicant pool every year. If you want to be one of those admitted students, you’ll need to write amazing Yale essays as part of your Yale University application. In this article, we’ll outline the different types of essays you need to write for your Yale University application and teach you how to write a Yale supplement essay that will help you stand out from the thousands of other applicants. What Are the Yale Essay Prompts? Yale University requires you to submit one or two long essays, depending on whether you are submitting the Common Application or Coalition Application. You will choose from a selection of three topics for the longer Yale supplement essay questions. The prompts are the same for both the Common and the Coalition application, but the number of prompts you’ll choose to answer is different depending on which application you use to apply. You’ll also complete a total of six short answer questions regardless of which application you’re using. The six short answer questions for the Yale essays range in word limit from 35 words to 300 words. These essays are specific to the Yale application - you won’t find them on any other college or university’s application. Although they are short, the Yale supplement essays are just as important as the longer essays. The Yale supplemental essay questions offer you plenty of opportunity to show off your qualifications as an applicant and wow the admissions committee. 2018-19 Yale Supplement Essay Questions There are three Yale supplement essay questions, as well as an essay specifically for students applying to the engineering program. Let’s take a look at the three prompts. Then, we’ll talk about who needs to answer them. Think about an idea or topic that has been intellectually exciting for you. Why are you drawn to it? Reflect on your engagement with a community to which you belong. How do you feel you have contributed to this community? Yale students, faculty, and alumni engage issues of local, national, and international importance. Discuss an issue that is significant to you and how your college experience might help you address it. If you’re applying with the Common Application, you’ll choose two of those prompts and answer them in 250 words or fewer. If you’re applying with the Coalition Application, you’ll answer one prompt in 300 words or fewer. You’ll also include an audio, video, image, or document file that you have created this is meaningful to you and related in some way to your essay. You’ll write one sentence to show how this relates to your essay. Yale Supplemental Essays Analyzed There are three longer supplemental essays that applicants submitting the Common or Coalition applications must choose from. The prompts are the same for both applications. Remember, if you’re submitting the Common Application, you must respond to two of the three prompts. If you’re submitting the Coalition Application, you must respond to one and include a piece of media that’s meaningful to you. Essay Prompt 1 Think about an idea or topic that has been intellectually exciting for you. Why are you drawn to it? Here you can show off all your nerdy school-related passions with abandon. Well, maybe not too much abandon. The prompt requires you to discuss one idea or topic, so think carefully about what you want to write about. When thinking of a topic, you can choose anything from your favorite subject in school to a facet of the judicial system that you’ve been learning about through podcasts. The point here is that whatever you pick should be somehow tied to your academic interests. In this longer essay you have the chance to show how your interests relate to your ambitions as a Yale student and graduate. Do the best you can to be clear about how your chosen topic or idea could potentially influence your course of study at Yale and maybe even your life in the professional world. Essay Prompt 2 Reflect on your engagement with a community to which you belong. How do you feel you have contributed to this community? This essay provides a great place to let the committee see a side of you that has nothing to do with academics. There are so many possible answers here: family, sports teams, religious school, AV club - these are all communities and they all have been affected by your presence Have fun with this Yale essay. Don’t feel pressure to talk about how much charity work you do - chances are a lot of applicants will go that route and it will seem inauthentic. (unless charity work is actually your jam. If that’s the case, go for it!) Let your voice shine through in this one and don’t be a raid to be creative. Since you have a larger word allotment you can show off some of your prosaic chops. Don’t try too hard though! Be yourself - the committee will appreciate you for it. Essay Prompt 3 Yale students, faculty, and alumni engage issues of local, national, and international importance. Discuss an issue that is significant to you and how your college experience might help you address it. This prompt is pretty straightforward. Once again, don’t write what you think the application committee wants to read. Do research your answer before you write your essay and be honest in your writing. If nothing comes immediately to mind when you read this prompt, don’t panic. Take a moment to make a list of broad issues that interest you. For example, you may be interested in diversity in your hometown, the debate over national health care in America, or drinking water conditions in Africa. Once you’ve thought of a general topic, get online and look up a few articles about the issues. In your actual essay answer be as specific as possible. You want to show that you care about the topic, took time to research it, and didn’t just scroll through a bunch of trending hashtags related to social justice. Want to get into Yale or your personal top choice college? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in. Optional Engineering Essay Students applying to Yale’s engineering program must also submit the engineering essay as part of their application. If you selected one of the engineering majors, please tell us more about what has led you to an interest in this field of study, what experiences (if any) you have had in engineering, and what it is about Yale’s engineering program that appeals to you. Please respond in 300 words or fewer. If you are applying for this program, chances are you have a very real idea of what an engineering degree means in terms of undergraduate study and career opportunities. If you have no real-world experience with engineering, don’t make it up. Be sure you have research and real-life examples to back up your claim. Once more, we’ll mention how crucial research and specificity is. Engineering can be a broad area of study, but generally leads to very specific careers. Do your research and plan out this essay in as detailed a fashion as possible. You know, like an engineer would! 2018-19 Yale Short Answer Questions Every applicant must respond to six Yale-specific short answer questions on their application. Every student must respond to these short answer questions, The Yale short answer questions are just that: very short. Some only require 35 word answers. We will talk about how to answer these questions later. For now, let’s take a look at the prompts themselves. Students at Yale have plenty of time to explore their academic interests before committing to one or more major fields of study. Many students either modify their original academic direction or change their minds entirely. As of this moment, what academic areas seem to fit your interests or goals most comfortably? Please indicate up to three from the list provided. Why do these areas appeal to you? (100 words or fewer) What is it about Yale that has led you to apply? (125 words or fewer) What inspires you? (35 words or fewer) Yale’s residential colleges regularly host conversations with guests representing a wide range of experiences and accomplishments. What person, past or present, would you invite to speak? What question would you ask? (35 words or fewer) You are teaching a Yale course. What is it called? (35 words or fewer) Most first-year Yale students live in suites of four to six people. What do you hope to add to your suitemates’ experience? What do you hope they will add to yours? (35 words or fewer) Yale Short Answer Questions Analyzed In this section, we’ll be looking at the short answer Yale supplement essays in depth. Remember, every applicant must answer all essay prompts, so you don’t get to choose which essay you would like to write. It is important that you answer each of the Yale essay prompts strongly as they are all of equal importance. Let’s take a look at each Yale short essay questions and see how to write something meaningful for each. Yale Short Answer Question 1 Students at Yale have plenty of time to explore their academic interests before committing to one or more major fields of study. Many students either modify their original academic direction or change their minds entirely. As of this moment, what academic areas seem to fit your interests or goals most comfortably? Please indicate up to three from the list provided. Why do these areas appeal to you? (100 words or fewer) First off - follow the directions here exactly. ONLY use areas of study from the list provided in the above link and be sure to mention no more than three. Here, Yale is giving you the opportunity to show some range in your interests, but keeping your writing brief and honest is key. Less is more here - don’t be afraid to only list one interest. Although it may be unrealistic to choose a major before you enter college, there is no harm in expressing what excites you right now. You will not have to stick to this major throughout your Yale career, unless of course you want to. Just remember that 100 words is not a lot of space, so you may be able to express more if you choose one subject rather than three. Yale Short Answer Question 2 What is it about Yale that has led you to apply? (125 words or fewer) The best advice we can give you here is to be specific. Do your research before you start in on this prompt. The best answer will have mention of professors, programs and classes that are only available at Yale. One way to approach this essay is to base it around a conversation you may have had with an alumnus or professor from Yale. The application committee is looking to see how truthful and deep your desire to attend Yale is, so go the extra mile. Reach out to people who have experienced Yale for themselves. Your high school guidance counselor can help you find these connections. Yale Short Answer Question 3 What inspires you? (35 words or fewer) Caution! Due to its small word requirement here, you may be tempted to be witty or sardonic in your answer. Resist the urge! Again, go with authenticity rather than cleverness. If something charming or funny arises from your answer naturally, check with your guidance counselor, English teacher, or another trusted editor before turning it in. Humor can read as flippant and the application committee could think that you are not taking your application seriously. Good answers to this question range from inspirational people, to remarkable landscapes, to fine dining. There is no correct answer, so have fun answering! Think about what this prompt is asking: what inspires you? What gets you excited and motivated? Avoid trite answers at all costs. Don’t say how inspired you are by â€Å"the world in all its vastness.† Instead look inward, and think about when you have felt the best about yourself, and most energized to do the things you love. What made you feel that way? Who? And how did you act on that inspiration? Yale Short Answer Question 4 Yale’s residential colleges regularly host conversations with guests representing a wide range of experiences and accomplishments. What person, past or present, would you invite to speak? What question would you ask? (35 words or fewer) Here is another prompt you can have fun with. Again, avoid cliches! Don’t say â€Å"Gandhi† or â€Å"MLK† - those are obvious answers that are impossible to achieve. Choose someone that has truly inspired you - not someone you think will impress the admissions committee. They don’t have to be hugely famous, rich or successful. They should, however, have made a tangible impact on your life. Yale Short Answer Question 5 You are teaching a Yale course. What is it called? Another fun one! Once again: no cliches, no obvious answers, and please no comedy. Here’s a chance to show off something you feel you have mastery over. Instead of projecting into the future when you are a famous playwright and have the chops to teach a class on fantastic realism in modern theater, pick something that you know about right now. Maybe you speak a second language. Maybe you collect insects or press flowers. Maybe you are an expert at self-care for busy students. This question is not designed to get a better sense of your ambitions or goals. Here the committee wants to learn about the abilities and passions in which you already feel confident. Yale Short Answer Question 6 Most first-year Yale students live in suites of four to six people. What do you hope to add to your suitemates’ experience? What do you hope they will add to yours? (35 words or fewer) This question gives you the opportunity to share about different sides of your personality. If you’re a great hobby cook, for instance, you can show off those skills here. The important things to highlight in this question are the unique aspects of what makes you, you. Maybe you’ll contribute special edition DVDs of all the Lord of the Rings movies, or an epic poster collection. No matter what, you’ll want to show that you appreciate the community. Finally, you’ll want to share what you’re looking for in a suitemate - friendship, support, a buddy to go to the Yale-Harvard football game with. Showing how you appreciate others is equally important. How to Write a Great Yale Essay Regardless of which Yale short answer question you’re responding to, you should keep in mind the following tips for how to write a great Yale essay. #1: Use Your Own Voice The point of a college essay is for the admissions committee to have the chance to get to know you beyond your test scores, grades, and honors. Your admissions essays are your opportunity to make yourself come alive for the essay readers and to present yourself as a fully fleshed out person. You should, then, make sure that the person you’re presenting in your college essays is yourself. Don’t try to emulate what you think the committee wants to hear or try to act like someone you’re not. If you lie or exaggerate, your essay will come across as insincere, which will diminish its effectiveness. Stick to telling real stories about the person you really are, not who you think Yale wants you to be. #2: Avoid Cliches and Overused Phrases When writing your Yale essays, try to avoid using cliches or overused quotes or phrases. These include quotations that have been quoted to death and phrases or idioms that are overused in daily life. The college admissions committee has probably seen numerous essays that state, â€Å"Be the change you want to see in the world.† Strive for originality. Similarly, avoid using cliches, which take away from the strength and sincerity of your work. #3: Check Your Work It should almost go without saying, but you want to make sure your Yale essays are the strongest example of your work possible. Before you turn in your Yale application, make sure to edit and proofread your essays. Your work should be free of spelling and grammar errors. Make sure to run your essays through a spelling and grammar check before you submit. It’s a good idea to have someone else read your Yale essays, too. You can seek a second opinion on your work from a parent, teacher, or friend. Ask them whether your work represents you as a student and person. Have them check and make sure you haven’t missed any small writing errors. Having a second opinion will help your work be the best it possibly can be. Recap: The Key to Yale Essays That Work The Yale essays cover a wide range of topics. Regardless of the question you’re answering, remember to follow these basic dos and don’ts as you’re writing: DO Be authentic and honest Be specific when citing people, places and things Strive for brevity and simplicity; less is more! Be yourself, and do your research - both will shine through in your essays! DON’T Base your essays on what you think the Yale application committee wants to hear Use cliches or broad sweeping statements Try too hard to be funny and original - be genuine and your positive attributes will be visible to the committee. What’s Next? Trying to figure out what to study in college?Have no fear- our guide will help you choose the best major for you, one step at a time. Really want to get into Yale? Using an acceptance calculator will help you figure out your chances of getting into the schools at the top of your listso you know how to up your odds. It's a great time to start researching scholarships. It's never too early to start thinking about how you're going to pay for college! Want to write the perfect college application essay? Get professional help from PrepScholar. Your dedicated PrepScholar Admissions counselor will craft your perfect college essay, from the ground up. We'll learn your background and interests, brainstorm essay topics, and walk you through the essay drafting process, step-by-step. At the end, you'll have a unique essay that you'll proudly submit to your top choice colleges. Don't leave your college application to chance. Find out more about PrepScholar Admissions now:

Systems Media Table Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Systems Media Table - Assignment Example For instance, it can be used by small business, house record or as a phone directory The Hospital information system records manage, stores, manipulate and display the patients, medicine, doctors, beds and other resources record. Furthermore, the hospital management system is helpful in complete handling and running the administrative, financial and clinical operations of the hospital. Specialty information system technology offers a lot of different types of services. Specialty information system offers services for a lot of areas for example in proprietary or specialized processes connected to IT applications (e.g. project management, systems planning, network administration, database design, systems integration, network engineering, helpdesk support etc.). Administrative information systems offer facilities and supports in business/enterprise-wide requirements managing, maintaining and implementing the human resources and administration to finance, budgeting, payroll, research, time and effort reporting, etc. The main purpose of the operation support system is to deal with the telecom network based supporting processes like that provisioning services, maintaining network inventory, managing faults and configuring network components. A documentation system is a set of computer programs that is utilized to keep track and store electronic documents. The documentation system is also used to manage and handle the images of paper documents. Basically, these systems are used by organizations, business, and institutions for basic content management. In addition, these systems are used with the incorporation of digital asset management, enterprise content management (ECM) systems, workflow systems, document imaging, and records management systems.

Collecting and Analyzing Data Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Collecting and Analyzing Data - Assignment Example Eradicate the cases of anxiety among teenage girls in the City of Everett Public School System. 4. Theory: The health promotion program is founded by the cognitive model of anxiety. The framework looks at anxiety from the perspective of vulnerability and describes the appraisal of threat (Clark & Beck, 2011). 5. Program activities: The health promotion program main activity is to assess the African American girls between 12-18 years in the City of Everett Public School system. The girls are then put in different groups to utilize one specific treatment that will give different results for comparison to determine the best option. 6. Resources and constraints: The resources available for the health promotion program include experiential support references got from different studies to help in determining the effective treatment. The community serves as an important resource to help identify acceptable cultural behaviors that are applicable to the health promotion program. The constraints in the health promotion program include insufficient resources that cannot see the program to the end. There is also a challenge from the perspective of the students who do not adhere to the established treatment sessions. The challenge encountered in creating the health promotion program plan included information strategies were not enough to influence the prime behavior because there is competition with the numerous information that the African American girls are exposed to. There is also the difficulty in making sure the information flows in two ways enabling mutual understanding of the African American girls and the professionals. To overcome these challenges I introduced the health promotion program to the African American girls in a debate setting. In this environment, the African American girls came into contact with the health professionals involved. The participants also expressed their

Learning as a Process and as a Product Essay Example for Free

Learning as a Process and as a Product Essay When you ask people what do they think about learning? They only think in the final result. Isn’t to important to comprehend what that really means, and how big and important is the process. It is to simple to analyze what we have been learned before just making us the question If we really remember what we learned? But no everyone think in learning as a process. How do we learned that? If it was difficult? It’s the same learning as a process and as a product? Learning is the end product of some process. But when is learning a product? Learning as a product is when a person knows completely and totally that he/she dominates the knowledge, but also he/she have been qualify to do that â€Å"knowledge† what it means that he/she not just know the theory but also have the experience. The final product of the learning may show the capacity or level of each student and let the teacher know who needs more practice in a specific area. It depends on what they were working on, but it doesn’t mean that they are going to tell you or notice that the student really acquires the knowledge or the skill or if they need a more advanced or lower level to do the activities. Wich it means that learning as a product is the goal that the â€Å"learning process† must have. Learning as a process will be the behavior changes of certain experiences that people have had. Learning as a process goes further than learning as a product, because in one what it matters is the final result, and in another one what it matters is how was it? It’s not the same if I learned something just memorizing without practice. Besides If a learn something with theory and practice my final result it’s going to be better. It’s to important the process in which each person learned, because that will ensure you that you really understand and dominate what people taught you. That’s why everyone should recognize the difference between learning as a product and as a process.

SERVICE SYSTEMS :: Business and Management Studies

SERVICE SYSTEMS There are many establishments where food is served outside the home, these include: Ø Commercial o Restaurants o Cafà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Ø Non-commercial (Institutional/On-site) o Business o Government o Education Ø Military In each type of establishment food will be served in a different way, service systems are defined by what dishes and utensils are used, but mainly by the manner of presenting the meal to the customer, clearly the type of service is defined by the desired target customer. These are the major food service systems: Table service Ø Plate service Ø Gueridon service Ø Silver service Ø Family service Other Service Types Ø Buffet Service Ø Take away service Ø Counter service Ø A la carte Ø Table d’hote Specialist food service systems Ø Hospital Service Ø In-Flight Meal Service Type of service depends on the menu, dà ©cor, uniforms, table settings, ambiance and cuisine. Table Service Table service is a method of food service in which the waiter brings customers’ food to the table and places it in front of them. There are a number of different styles of table service: Plate service / American service All food is cooked, portioned and plated in kitchen. It is then served by a waiter to the customer, generally this is done from the right with the right hand. This type of table service reduces staff requirements compared to other types e.g. Gueridon service. Advantages Ø Casual dining Ø Portion control Ø Less service skill needed Disadvantages Ø Less personal Ø Guests can not choose portion Guà ©ridon (French Service-service à   la franà §aise) This is an elaborate type of service in which the guest’s food is prepared in the kitchen and is subsequently arranged on silver salvers, which are placed on and served from a small cart called a Guà ©ridon. The food is heated or flamed at the table side using a small heater placed on the cart; three courses can be served from the tableside Advantages Ø Elegant, Ø Showcases food, Ø Great amount of checking of food can be done Disadvantages Ø Need highly trained staff, Ø High labour costs Ø Capital investment in cart Ø Large amount of space is required for the cart to go around the table Ø Fewer tables in dining room. Silver Service (Russian service, or service à   la russe) The food is prepared and portioned in the kitchen and placed onto silver platters, a dinner plate is placed in front of the customer, in general the right side is for plates and left side is for food – Counter clockwise. Served to the customer using a fork and spoon from the silver platter. This service system is used in banquets. Advantages Ø Elegant Ø Faster than French Service Ø Fully cooked, hot food served at the table quickly

Lead and Manage a Team Within a Health and Social Care Setting

The features of effective team performance are set out in Brian Tuckman’s phases of team development theory, ‘Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing. ’ This outlines the phases that a team will go through in order to become effective and reach maturity. At the ‘Forming’ stage of team development individual roles and responsibilities are unclear and each member of the team is concerned to avoid conflict with each other. From this point the team will go through the ‘Storming’ phase which is when they start to conflict as individuals put forward ideas which will be challenged by others in a bid to gain power and position over others. After this the ‘Norming’ phase follows and it is at this point that individual roles are defined and accepted and ground rules and conduct are agreed. After each of these stages the team then reaches the ‘Performing’ stage which is where they are all working towards the same shared goal. This theory shows that for all teams to be effective each individual needs to be clear on their role, responsibilities and shared end goal. This is achieved through positive leadership, utilising the skills of the team and addressing weaknesses to make the team more effective. The challenges experienced by developing teams are often due to organisational change. Staff may be resistant to change such as moving to join a new team or working with people they do not know. A health and social care organisation needs to identify the skills and knowledge that are required for the service plan and recruit staff according to this to ensure that the diversity and skill mix needed is met to fulfil the service outcome. Newly appointed staff should complete an induction that ensures they understand and comply with the organisations values and objectives and their role and support systems should be clarified as quickly as possible to ensure they can contribute as quickly and effectively as possible to the team. An established team experiences different challenges to a developing team. They may have more difficulty maintaining staff enthusiasm and momentum. To overcome these challenges the organisation needs to be aware of changes to workload and conflict between individuals to resolve issues quickly before they impact on other staff and then service users. Also feedback should be given to staff in order for them to maintain or improve performance levels and recognition should be expressed for good work to maintain a high level of staff morale. Once momentum is built then it is easier to maintain and helps staff to remain enthusiastic and continue o communicate and trust their colleagues and manage their time efficiently and keeps them orientated to the important work tasks. Challenges to effective team performance can be overcome by the organisation being clear about the values and objectives in relation to staff and service users and communicating these and the time frame in which these are expected to be achieved. Support should be given to those who are capable of sharing the organisations objectives so they can become committed to ensuring that the service outcomes are met. If this is not done then it can be difficult to maintain effective team working. Dawes and Handscomb performed a review on team leadership in 2005 and suggested that these difficulties stemmed from competing professional interests. In different settings they reviewed the relationship between team working and care outcomes and it was found that within a long term care setting the care outcomes required effective team working to be met. It is considered that management styles can be divided into three categories. * Autocratic- characterised by individual control over all decisions and little input from group members. Paternalistic- a type of fatherly managerial style typically employed by dominant males where their organizational power is used to control and protect subordinate staff that are expected to be loyal and obedient. * Democratic- a style in which members of the group take a more participative role in the decision making process. A leader can be anyone who has the ability to influence other members of a team. It is considered that a manager and a leader are different but they are complementary to tasks being carried out. Management styles will change to reflect the stage of development the workforce’s stage of development. When starting a new team a manager will have to be clear about setting goals, establishing rules and assigning responsibility and then taking on the more troublesome tasks of organising resources, motivating and creating a cooperative team. As the team develops then roles can be delegated and appropriate support provided. Doing this enables the team to become more confident and the style of management and leadership changes so team members begin to take on more leadership functions. The primary focus of a leader is to develop and maintain trust between the service user and the staff. The service user will look at the staff to establish with them character and competence. If these two characteristics are met then this develops trust with the service user. Character relates to motive and intent, whether the staff are working towards the same objectives. Competence relates to skills and results, whether the staff are able to care for the service user and meet the objective set by the organisation. Staff that are registered with professional bodies have accountability and are answerable for their actions. They are accountable by law for meeting the standards and objectives that are set out for them. Even when staff are working towards a common goal, conflict can still arise. This can be due to different personalities, communication styles, sense of priorities and changes to workload. Trying to prevent conflict is best practice so a manager should try to build an environment that is supportive, positive and stable to try and reduce the likelihood of conflict developing. If conflict does develop then a manager should try to: * Address it at the earliest opportunity. * Keep the discussions positive. Look at what can be done to resolve the conflict. * Encourage the team to focus on the problem, not the person. Encourage honest dialogue between the team, welcoming different points of view that do not create blame. Each individual should be allowed to voice their point of view and also listen to and respect each other’s views. * Ask each individual to accept ownership of their part of the problem. * Discuss a variety of options before settling on an agreement that is based on o bjective criteria that will resolve the conflict. Conflict does not always necessarily have to be a bad thing, as if it is dealt with constructively, can lead to increased productivity, development of new ideas and personal development of team members.

Biases

Person-positivity bias is the tendency to evaluate an object more favorably the more the object resembles an individual human being. Generally, the more a comparison target resembles a specific person, the more familiar it will be. However, groups of people are considered to be more abstract concepts, which leads to less favorable judgments.With regards to the optimistic bias, when people compare themselves to an average person, whether someone of the same sex or age, the target continues to e viewed as less human and less personified, which will result in less favorable comparisons between the self and others. false-consensus effect or false-consensus bias is a cognitive bias whereby a person tends to overestimate how many people agree with him or her.There is a tendency for people to assume that their own opinions, beliefs, preferences, values and habits are ‘normal' and that others also think the same way that they do. [l] This cognitive bias tends to lead to the perception of a consensus that does not exist, a ‘false consensus'. This false consensus is significant because it increases self-esteem. The need to be â€Å"normal† and fit in with other people is underlined by a desire to conform and be liked by others in a social environment.Counterfactual thinking is a term of psychology that describes the tendency people have to imagine alternatives to reality. Humansare predisposed to think about how things could have turned out differently if only†¦ , and also to imagine what if?. Counterfactuals are conditional propositions, containing an antecedent and a consequence (e. g. , If Matt had run, he would have caught the bus. )

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love Essays love Essay love Essay Biology 5Laboratory ExercisesandExam ReviewsLab 1Scientific Method and Laboratory ProtocolLab Manual Exercise 1Page 1Please read pages 1-14 and Appendix A, and study the attached handout before attending lab.Please complete the following Activities:Activity 1Pp. 2-4Activity 2Pp. 5-6Activity 3Pp. 7-8Review Questionsp. 13-14, Nos. 1-10Be sure to clean any equipment as well as your work area. Return all materials to their proper place. The Metric SystemLength Meter (m) is the standard metric unit Approximately 39 inches (little over a yard)Mass (weight) Gram (g) is the standard metric unit Approximately 1/28 ounceVolume Liter (l) is the standard metric unit Slightly larger than a quartPrefixes applied to standard units commonly used in biology:Kilo (k) 1000 or 103Centi (c) 1/100 or 0.01 or 10-2Milli (m) 1/1000 or 0.001 or 10-3 Micro (u) 1/1,000,000 or 0.000001 or 10-6Nano (n) 1/1,000,000,000 or 0.000000001 or 10-9 Lab 2The MicroscopeLab Manual Exercise 2Page 15Please read pages 16-24 before attending lab.Please complete the following procedures/exercises:Activity 1Pp. 17-19Activity 2P. 19Clean only when necessary. A piece of dry lens paper works fine.Activity 3Pp. 19-21Activity 4P. 21Activity 5Pp. 21-22Activity 6P. 22 (For Part 2, view the oval-shaped specimen on the slide (not the square-shaped specimen).Activity 7Pp. 23-24Review QuestionsP. 25, Nos. 1-7As always, be sure to clean and dry any equipment as well as your work area. Return all materials to their proper place.Lab 3Cell BiologyLab Manual Exercise 3 Page 27Please read pages 28-32 before attending labPlease complete the following procedures/exercises:Examine model of typical animal cell on display.Using illustration on page 28 as

How to Use Est-ce Que to Ask Questions in French

How to Use Est-ce Que to Ask Questions in French Est-ce que  (pronounced  es keu) is a French expression that is useful for asking a question. Literally translated, this phrase means is it that..., although in conversation it rarely is interpreted that way. Instead, it is a convenience of everyday French, an interrogatory phrase that easily turns a statement into a question. It is a slightly informal construction; the more formal or polite way to ask questions is with inversion, which involves inverting the normal pronoun/noun verb order. But in everyday spoken French, est-ce que is far more common because it does the inverting for you: Est-ce que is the inversion of cest que. (Note that a hyphen is required between ce and est when they  are inverted to est-ce.) The word order of the original sentence stays exactly the same; you just add the already inverted phrase est-ce que to the front of the sentence. This simple structure works best for yes/no questions. For example:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Tu travailles. / Est-ce que tu travailles?   You work. / Do you work?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Paulette la trouvà ©. / Est-ce que Paulette la trouvà ©?   Paulette found it. / Did Paulette find it?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Vous navez pas faim. / Est-ce que vous navez pas faim?   You arent hungry. / Arent you hungry? OR Are you not hungry? Note that que must contract when it follows a word beginning with a vowel:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Elle est arrivà ©e. / Est-ce quelle est arrivà ©e?   She has arrived. / Has she arrived?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il y a des problà ¨mes. / Est-ce quil y a des problà ¨mes?   There are problems. / Are there problems?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Anny vient avec nous. / Est-ce quAnny vient avec nous?   Anny is coming with us. Is Anny coming with us? To ask questions that ask for information like who, what, where, when, why and how, place an interrogative pronoun, adverb or adjective before est-ce que. For example: Qui est-ce que vous avez vu?   Whom did you see?​Quand est-ce que tu vas partir?   When are you going to leave?​Quel livre est-ce quil veut?   Which book does he want? Remember that est-ce que is the inversion of cest que, meaning literally, It is that. Thats why a hyphen is required between est and ce: cest ce est which are inverted to est-ce. Depending on their place in the sentence, the variations  quest-ce qui and qui est-ce qui  are also useful, but understanding them requires further discussion of  interrogative pronouns. For now, heres a summary. SUMMARY OF FRENCH INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS Subject of question Object of question After preposition People quiqui est-ce qui quiqui est-ce que qui Things quest-ce qui quequest-ce que quoi Additional Resources Asking questions in FrenchFrench interrogativesExpressions with à ªtreMost common French phrases

Proceses in Organinzations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Proceses in Organinzations - Essay Example Also I would like to present and defend my position that Project Managers, in any field, are not required to be experts in the specific subject matter. As all of you already know and according to the Wikipedia, "Project Management is the discipline of planning, organizing, and managing resources to bring about the successful completion of specific project goals and objectives". (Wikipedia, 2007 para. 1). In order for the discipline to have a successful end result it is necessary to count with a very diverse professional, or a professional with experience in most of the stages or processes involved, since this individual very often participates directly in the activities. Also the project manager behaves as the responsible party in front of the client by, amongst other things, determining his needs. The project manager is also required to work and adapt with different internal procedures and to interact with the diverse departments in charge of reaching the specific goal. He/she is also required to identify and diminish risks that may arise at any point or any time. At all times the Project Manager is in charge of assuring an end re sult within the levels of expectance. Another important role for the Project Manager, is his/her ability on leveling resources. ... (Haughey D., 2000-2008, Project Manager, para.1-3). Again, a Project Manager's main responsibilities are: Planning, organizing and controlling. (Davies, page 84). Amongst the tools available for the today's Project Managers, we find the PERT and Gantt charts, which identifies the critical paths or periods within the project's execution. These charts are used to identify every single activity to be performed within the project, and this so called critical path is one of the most important activities that a Project Manager has to monitor, since the inability to accomplish these tasks could cause a project failure. Some other important tools are: the financial tools, running charts, a list of project management software, and so forth. (Wikipedia, 2007, Project Management Tools para. 1). Nowadays, technology has developed rapidly that newer and newer software are available for the managers in general. It is important to remember and to let the other people know, that a Project Manager has to accomplish his/her job within three major constraints, time, cost and scope. The time constraint refers to the amount of time established to finish the project. The cost constraint is referred to the amount of money budgeted to achieve the end result. And the scope constraint refers to what is the final objective of the project, or what it is supposed to achieve. (Wikipedia, 2007 The Traditional Triple Constraints, para. 1). These three constraints are strongly related and could easily be affected by any major or minor event. For example, if the cost of materials or human resources increases in two or three percent, the cost constraint is affected directly, the time