Competition Between Companies

For years many companies have struggled to be and to remain the best. To do this they had to go through advertising their products; televisions, radio, internet and sports. This is called competition; the main purpose for this is mainly to attract customers. These procedures can benefit but also be harmful towards the company. Thus brings the main concern of this essay which shall discus both sides of this situation opposing and supporting it. Firstly, brand quality of products sometimes does not matter to consumers; just as long as it is affordable.For instance there are many varieties of brands such as Nike, Adidas, Coca cola and so forth. Yet commercials show all these products and companies do not realize that the price of the product gets higher as the cost of advertising contributes to the products cost thus making it expensive. This leads consumers shopping elsewhere for instance, MARANELLO – Manufacturers of super sports cars have just announced a host of new models, b ut many of them may not reach the showrooms, as the global financial crisis hits a customer segment previously immune to economic downturns. Haupt, 2009: 1) This statement proves that consumers prefer cheaper products than fancy cars as it is too expensive. Furthermore on flexibility; Flexibility means the company’s â€Å"ability to respond to changes† (Stevenson, 2007: 38). These can be seasonal changes; winter, summer or maybe economical changes. Nevertheless they also contribute to the company’s competitiveness thus leads sometimes to price wars. Take for example; Adverse weather conditions could reduce the demand for our products.The sales of our products are influenced to some extent by weather conditions in the markets in which we operate Unusually cold or rainy weather during the summer months may have a temporary effect on the demand for our Products and contribute to lower sales, which could have an adverse effect on our results of operations for such p eriods. (Coca cola company, 2009: 6) This explains that during competition companies are very flexible thus should be alert and find ways to be the best thus sometimes lowering the products cost by forty percent as to keep up with the market.This incident shows that companies such as coca cola are overdoing it thus facing a major lose. Moreover on location, during competition companies look for a marketable location. From here they start of by looking at the customer’s convenience; like closest to shop thus less travel expense for consumer. However they don’t look at the side as when location of company is way crowded other customers will shop elsewhere due to less space to park cars and so forth. Furthermore other companies go to famous foreign countries or new location as their products are in demand over there.Yet as foreign companies they must find ways to introduce their production thus using advertisement again. In the end either companies, will lose a lot of pro fit. This same case happened to Toyota according in his writing of Ford outsells GM, Toyota in February sales, J. Ewing (2010: 1) claims that while Toyota and Honda where busy competing in America, another company called Ford which is originally an American car business took over by most recently, during the summer last year 2009. Thus, leaving Toyota to report a record annual net loss of 4. billion, this misfortune of Toyota’s occurred as it did not realize that it was consuming too many expenses hence; contributing to another disadvantage for companies when they compete. However these are true yet if considering another side to this argument, these may show the disadvantages of competition, but the advantages outweighs it as competition actually promotes the brand quality, flexibility and locations. In addition to Brand quality, consumers always buy the best as they believe it is worth the expense as it last for a very long time.Yet how do the consumer know which brand is t he best; simply as companies compete they broadcast the latest shoes, bikes, food and so forth. From here consumers try and differentiate one company after another due to the quality of its product. Take for example Article base (2007) states that Honda and Toyota knows America wants fuel-efficient vehicles. This case made the two companies work hard thus producing a vehicle that gets more and more mile per gallon. It is very expensive but a lot of people are waiting in line to get this product.This example shows that consumers go for the best brand quality no matter what. Another point is Flexibility; companies know that season changes thus consumer’s demands also changes. Therefore Coca cola and Pepsi two competing companies produce besides soft drinks, water, ice tea etc. This was to resolve the problem they faced during seasonal change that their soft drinks coca cola or Pepsi sales decreased; from this solution they remarkably still continued selling and earning profit a s they produced other products which will be essential during that particular season.This is also the advantage of flexibility and competition to a company. Finally is the location, Companies compete for the best location as it ensures the flow of profits, by one; marketable areas such as America are good places to locate business Thus most famous companies are located there for instance Toyota number one and holding fifteen percent of Americans sales. Honda, Nike and Adidas all these companies also go to a marketable location thus becoming the most famous companies in the world.Therefore the competition expenses for good spots to place business is worth it, as it will eventually repay the companies ten times the amount of money it has spent, just like Honda and Toyota which are now leading the world car manufacturing business. In conclusion the advantages of competition between companies when marketing products seems to be much favourable than the disadvantages hence, the practice should continue or be more creative with their competition strategies as the more competitive they are the more flow of profits there will be.

A Tale of Two Cities Character Carton Analysis Essay

In the novel, A Tale of Two Cities, Sydney Carton’s character went through a series of decisions that affected the outcome of the novel. Sydney Carton looks almost looks exactly the same as Charles Darnay, but the main difference, was that Darnay was sober a majority of the time, and he cared and worked for his life. Lucie, the love of Carton’s life, had fallen in love with Darnay. After Carton realized that Lucie would have picked him if he hadn’t been so slavish and drunk a majority of the time, he decided to change. He knew he had already lost Lucie, but he thought that maybe he could still use the rest of his life for the better. His decision to change was not state out right, but the events in the novel, led the reader to the conclusion, that he turned around his life for Lucie. At the beginning of the novel, when Carton is first introduced, he is sitting in the courtroom staring at the ceiling. The author made it seem like Carton did not care what was going on in the courtroom, but later the reader discovers that Carton was listening to the case the entire time. Carton had heard a flaw in the prosecutor’s plan, and he gave a note to Stryver, resulting in an acquittal, which Stryver had received full credit. As the reader continues reading, it is later discovered that Carton is the hand guiding Stryver, while Stryver is just the image. Carton never did anything for himself; because he was too busy helping others. Later in the novel, Carton planned an almost full proof plan to help Charles Darnay. Even though he had made the decision to change, and think out a plan, he never lost the characteristic of putting others before himself. Although he took the place of the Darnay, before his death, he took it for Lucie. As Carton’s character is slowly unfolded throughout the second book, the reader can conclude that Carton dislikes Darnay. Carton dislikes Darnay, because Darnay is the constant reminder to Carton of what he could have been like, if he had not made bad choices in law school and made good choices in general. Whenever Carton came over to the Manette’s home, and was in the presence of Darnay, he was even more quiet then usual. However, when he decided to turn his life around, he buried his hatred for Darnay, and treated him with respect. Even with this decision, carton could not have Lucie, but she accepted him as part of her own family, and he was content with that. At the end of the novel, Carton takes time to plan out a five-step plan to save Darnay, and ends up sacrificing himself for a man he use to hate. Part of Carton’s old personality, was that he always wore his emotions on his sleeve. He thought he was useless and he lacked self-esteem. This was shown throughout the beginning of the book, for he was a drunk resembling his worthless life. He didn’t speak in the conversation unless it was a topic that he truly cared for. Right before his change, he professed his love to Lucie. After his change, he learned to hide his emotions. Although he may not like Darnay, he kept those feelings to himself. He stayed mysterious in Book III, in order for his plan to be successful and his appearance to be surprising. The character, Sydney Carton, was given a second chance as their life was resurrected. Lucie Manette is responsible for the resurrection of Sydney Carton, for she was the inspiration that got Sydney Carton off his feet. Carton twice saves Charles Darnay even though he disliked him. Carton described himself as a wasted creature but Lucy explained that she had faith in him and that he was capable of doing better things. He ended up promising that he would do anything for her, sacrificing his life for Charles Darnay. By hiding his emotions, he was able to carry out a plan without anyone attempting to stop him. Carton strived to become a better person and change his life around because Lucie believed in him. Because of the change in Carton, Darnay’s life is spared and Carton dies with dignity, knowing his life was not a waste.

Dnata travel report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Dnata travel report - Essay Example The insurance cover is one of the important tools in any business operation and is an indicator of concern regarding those who come in and out of the travel agency. Further, it involves activities such as transportation and cruise services, and involvement in sporting events. Finally, the services are for enhancing relations of numerous people coming in and out of the booking offices as well as hotels and field. Mission of Dnata Travel Agency Mission refers to the major activities that an established firm undertakes. The major operations of the Dnata traveling agency include offering holiday packages. This usiful as most of the travelers look forward to inquiring a place they can spend their holiday with their families. Dnata management staffs play the role of insuring the traveling agency runs on well with an increase in profits. Insurance covers are not only for an organization but also for those who visit the agency (Schwab et al, 2008). Insurance covers all staff members are nece ssary. Insuring of the agency denotes that there is compensation to all individuals (whether the staffs or travelers) in case of occurrence of the insured risk. This in itself is a way of attracting more travelers into the premises, as there is an assurance of consideration of their lives. Objective and vision of Dnata traveling agency Vision refers to what a particular organization or adpersons desires to do in future. It means a call for ability of individuals to advance the services initially offered, in a manner that the services will be more satisfying. Comparing with diverse changes in technology, services offered should be of high-tech and better when compared to services of other competing organizations. Dnata traveling agency looks forward to the establishment of and necessitating travelers to get use of online booking of tickets. Managerial staff of Dnata also moves ahead to improve accommodation services. In setting objectives, it is of essence to consider the questions w hat services to offer, who to offer the services, and who to access the services (Schwab et al, 2008). Pre-approach Before having access to the services provided by Dnata travel agency, individuals have to either register online or directly with the relevant offices. However, individuals may deliberately appear in person and inquire for relevant tickets to the agency. There are business meetings held to collect information about a certain subject discussed. Discussions are between travelers and top managerial agency staffs. The primary reason for the meeting is to determine the quality of services offered and strategies to improve the services (Schwab et al, 2008). Approach prospecting Potential customers of any organization are the individuals outside the organization who are ready to access the services and products provided in specific organizations. Dnata is the leading travel agency in the Middle East, specifically in Thailand and in amongst other worldly agencies, it appears t o be the fourth largest. To be part of the travelers is an indicator of ecstasy especially for those coming from far countries to take refuge on the agency. Through insurance services, the managing staffs of Dnata include several things such as compensation in case of cancellation of flights (Schwab et al, 2008). There is a follow up of departure, especially where the agency staffs fail to spot tickets of some several individuals. Dnata travel

Brazil as an emerging market Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Brazil as an emerging market - Assignment Example Emerging markets have their own challenges and opportunities that make them both cautious and viable as the future of the world’s economic powerhouse (Frenkel, 2009). Generally, there are general characteristics that can be associated with as many emerging markets as possible. However, not all emerging markets of the world can be described in exactly the same manner. In most cases, there are leading factors to the determination of the specific characteristics that a given emerging market would possess. Commonest among these factors are the market’s history and its evolutional processes (He, 2009). The nature of changes experienced as part of the history and evolution of the emerging market’s formation goes a long way to determine the rate of growth and development that may be generally associated with the market. In this paper, Brazil is used as a case study for emerging markets to critically assess the market in terms of its history and evolution. Consequently, some of the rapid and pragmatic changes that have been experienced as part of this history shall be outlined, making a case for each change as either being positive or negative for the market’s future fortunes. The approach of the writer is pivoted on a perception that the various emerging markets recognized by global development agencies such as the World Bank and International Monetary Fund are in constant competition with each other and so it is important that each of these markets develop its history to be a competitive advantage for winning competitive global market battles. Brief analysis of Brazil’s market history and evolution Brazil as an emerging market possesses a history that is rooted in the preference for robust domestic activity as against export demands. This is because for several years running, the market has recorded slow growth in exports as against the contributions that local market activities make to the country’s gross domestic product (H e, 2009). There is also a history rapid growth in the private sector as against the public sector. This is because most of the government’s economic principles are based on microeconomic principles, making business and investment more lucrative for local private entrepreneurs as against foreign investors who would prefer economies structured on macroeconomic competences (Todea, 2011). What is more, there is a long standing history in the dependence on specific sectors of the economy as against others. Examples of these sectors that receive dominant attention are agricultural sector, which is responsible for 39.4% of Brazil’s GDP and the mining sector, which makes 18.6% of GDP (Galai, 2007). Finally, there is generally unstable to high bank interest rate; a phenomenon that makes foreign investment less lucrative. Brazil GDP Growth Rate, 2008 to 2012 Source: Trading Economics (2013) Significant characteristics of the market, its evolution, and changes Young and Growing L abor Population Right from the history of the country when the first population census was held after colonization in 1872, Brazil has kept a very high population growth rate of 2.4% per annum (Crowder and Phengpis, 2005). This puts the current population of the country at 190 million people. Characteristically, a very high number of these people, made up of 79.8% of the population live in Southeastern region alone (Frenkel, 2009). This trend of single region dominated population has not changed with changing evolution of this emerging market. However, one phenomenon that has changed with time is the fact that there is currently a very young population margin, meaning greater percentage of the population is youth. What is positive about the young and growing labor population of the emerging market is that the large size of the population has been seen by government as an asset rather than a liability, expanding the human capital of these people to take up the labor force. It is howe ver negative if the trend of

Writer's choice Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Writer's choice - Term Paper Example With the implementation of effective security mechanism we can gain a great deal of confidence and peace of mind while using these systems at home or marketplace (Shelly, Cashman and Vermaat; Turban, Leidner and McLean). This paper presents some of the security, privacy and ethical aspects regarding information technology and computer systems. There are many issues and threats which are hindering the successful operation and working on information and computer system arrangements. In this scenario, one of the initial risks is security issues from less effectively recruited staff personnel. For instance, any staff member with some illegal aims and objectives can set a virus in the database or hack the overall corporate information. Additionally, this is one of the major ethical dilemmas in information and computer systems (UN; Farshchi, Gharib and Ziyaee). In addition, differences in operating systems, versions and patches can also create various problems and issues regarding defense and protection of information and computer systems. In the absence of such protection strategy the overall information and data can be hacked or deleted. In worst case the business information can be accessed by corporate competitors. Additionally, absence of antivirus software for information and computer systems can also cause a huge problem for personal or business data and information. In case of such situation any virus can simply attack and destroy or stop the overall working of systems. In addition, one of the main issues is about the absence of internal firewalls. In this scenario, any user of systems and web services are open to virus attacks, malware, or Trojan attacks. In such situation overall information and computer systems can be hacked or influenced in case of effective handling and management of operations (UN; Farshchi, Gharib and Ziyaee ). This section discusses how some of the major and critical security, privacy and ethical issues happen.

Place Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Place - Research Paper Example The reforms were used to make up the centralized the cultural and religious authority and power of the kingdom it helped in the assimilation of the local region in the through education. The most recent reform in the 29th century is the strategy to have the decentralization of the education. Movements that feel the change is detrimental to the heritage of the civil society countered them. At the start of the 1990s, there were quite a few examinations of democratization in Southeast Asia, where the observers argued that democratization in Southeast Asia was related to internal factors. These factors include the rapid change in the financial system, the cohesion or factionalization of dictatorial rulers, the sensitivity of the authenticity of administration, the size and approach of the middle classes, and inclination in civil culture. By distinction, recent educational analyses have accented the importance of peripheral factors on democratization and opinionated change in the Southeast Asian countries. Others have argued that internal forces, which press for democratization in the Southeast Asian countries habitually, gain power from external constituents, chiefly from the spread of democratic standards within the context of globalization. During the decade of the 1990s, Thailand went from the silent nation into a more exposed to international events nation. Naturally, Thailand was previously an open economy, and had received two previous influences of globalization. The initial beginning was in the late nineteenth century, which was the development of the rice market, and the subsequent in the late 1950s where the countrys initiation under the United States Cold War approach and fiscal support. However, most analysts agree that globalization in the 1990s has had a superior concentration. This was most obvious during the 1997--98 lucrative crisis whose descents lay in the nations economic freedom and better publicity to unconventional intercontinental

Write Informal Reports to your boss Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Write Informal Reports to your boss - Case Study Example 98 percent of them Sam are complaining that our cafeteria lacks cleanliness. Typical area of concerns are the dirty tables, littered floors, unclean utensils, spots on glasses, dirty aprons of cafeteria workers, dusts on lighting fixtures and counter with condiments dirty. Along with the dirty cafeteria and its bad food also comes bad service. 76 percent of our employees are complaining of sury and unfairly cafteria workers; that tables were not cleaned off and that cashiers slap change on trays just to give you few examples. Gleaning from this data, we really need to rehabilitate our cafeteria the soonest time possible. This issue has already grown to a magnitude as the most pressing issue that could demotivate our employees. I don’t think that the complaints are isolated because we have 98, 80 and 75 percent complaints on cleanliness, quality of food and service and these figures are very conclusive. I did a surprise ocular visit on our cafteria and it really is horrible as many of our employees are complaining. For me, it is already a given that the current administration of our cateria is no longer effective. They may be undermotivated or understaff but the bottom line is, despite this lingering complaints, they are still not doing about it. If we are going to add more staff with the same attitude, I don’t think that they will improve. In addition, focusing too much on this is taking away valuable executive time. Don’t get me wrong though, I am not downplaying the importance of our cafeteria, it is just I do not think that we should continue with the present set up. My suggestion is, to renovate the place and hire several third party vendors who could provide cleanliness, service and quality food at affordable price. To keep them in check, we will have several vendors so that there will be competition among them. One of the major reason perhaps why our cafeteria turned this way is because it has a

E-Business Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

E-Business Strategy - Essay Example Internet’s effects on planning are immensely significant to understand. This is because the world of Internet is very varied and takes into consideration a number of aspects including the one related with the change premise. This means that technological manifestations are moving ahead at a bottleneck speed and it is usually difficult to keep a track of what new changes are hitting the business domains within the World Wide Web. His is one of the reasons why Internet is being seen both as a hurdle and as an area where opportunities could be discerned at the very best. Internet motivates planning in the way that it creates room for understanding simple logic and how things are planned out in a sequential format or even randomly. It brings the entire focus back in the fray of the planning domains and this is something that planning does at the end of the day. Internet is such a giant that it is always seen as a platform which will instill change for all the right reasons, shapes and sizes. An example of this is in the form of the revolutionary changes that are taking place within the social media enterprises and networks that even the most adequately placed social networking guru finds it hard unless he has planned beforehand. He must make sure where he has to set his sails and then go about making the best use of the Internet in the long run through sound planning phases.

Health Promotion Activity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Health Promotion Activity - Essay Example Also the organization would have low employee turnover as the employees appreciate the organization’s concern about their wellbeing (Infinite Wellness Solutions, 2008) At present numerous health issues need to be addressed and selecting one among those is a challenging task. However, in recent times obesity has garnered the attention of everyone as this medical condition leads to many complications such as cardiac problems and diabetes. There have been a lot of studies which have demonstrated the prevalence of the condition in most of the families in America. Statistics reveal that in 2003-2004, the risk of overweight percentage in children and adolescents was 33.6% with the percentage of overweight children being 17.1%. This is a considerable increase when compared to the results of the year 1999-2000 (Ortiz, 2006). The prevalence of the condition has increased in the recent times due to the fast pace of life, increased consumption of junk food and lack of physical activity. However, this condition can be brought under control with lifestyle changes and support and would offer a lot of positive outcomes for both the employee and the organization. After identifying the problem that needs to be addressed the next step is to garner the support of the management. The organization should understand the significance of the health promotion activity and should be able to allot adequate funds for the implementation of the same. The next step would be to set goals for the activity and then form a health promotion team or a planning committee (Infinite Wellness Solutions, 2008). Goals need to be established in order to proceed and accomplish what you hope the program will do. It serves as a sort of framework identifying the current situation and the future course after the implementation of the program. A person would head the committee and would focus primarily on the activity, strategies for making the program work and to meet the

How does Robert Louis Stevenson Create a sense of Mystery, Horror and Suspense Essay Example for Free

How does Robert Louis Stevenson Create a sense of Mystery, Horror and Suspense Essay In the novella The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Robert Louise Stevenson uses many techniques to create a sense of mystery, horror and suspense. In this essay I will be analyzing some of these techniques in further depth. I will be explaining what effect these techniques will have on the reader. The strange case of Dr Jekyll and Mr. Hyde was published in 1886 and is probably the best known of Stevensons novels. It concerns the fine divide between good and evil. In the book the reader finds out more about how and why Dr Jekyll created a potion that separates the good side from the evil side, of the person. Unfortunately he lost control of the situation, resulting in a number of unfortunate events. Mr. Utterson is widely regarded as a good man, there is much evidence in The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr. Hyde to back this statement up. One piece of evidence to show this is when the reader is told something eminently human beaconed from his eyes. This is a short and meaningful insight into the persona of Mr. Utterson. . We are also told that he had a approved tolerance for others. This is more evidence to show that he could empathise and care about people. This also makes the audience think that he will be tested. He is also said to be the last good influence in the lives of down going men, he is known to be a compassionate man, he looks to help people rather than judge them. This also makes the reader think that being a client of Mr Utterson, Dr Jekyll may be possible in store to be coming into some trouble. We are told much about Dr Jekylls House in the novel. Showed no windows, what does it mean to the reader, why would this mysterious character have no windows, what is he hiding, or what is hiding in there. This raises questions to the audience about the man, why would a man in a respected profession such as a doctor want to be living a life like this in a house with no windows. It says that the wall was discoloured and the it bore marks of prolonged and sordid negligence. This leads the audience to wonder, what would cause the walls to be discoloured and why does man take so little pride in his abode. The writer Robert Louse Stevenson uses words like the word sordid to create an image of evil and wickedness. IT is said to be blistered and disdained and have neither bell or knocker. The later of the two statements bears more negative connotations than the former. The fact that the house has no bell or knocker signifies to the reader that Dr Jekyll does not wish to be disturbed thus adding to the atmosphere of secrecy. Why would a man such like Dr Jekyll wish not to bothered what is he hiding in this house. The Final Statement regarding the dwelling of Dr Jekyll is typical of gothic writings of that era, it has mysterious connotations that intrigue the reader in saying some place at the end of the world. It also conjures up images of evil when Enfield says Black winter morning. On page 11 the reader is recounted the story of how Mr. Hyde trampled over the child. This is most probably the best example of the Robert Lewis Stevenson using specific techniques to create an innate sense of horror. He uses a common technique of the era, using descriptive, detailed language to intensify the sense of horror. For instance he says some place at the end of the world about three oclock of a black winter morning, he also goes on to say about how empty and lifeless the streets were. The reader is also made to feel fearful, wary and loathsome towards this beast whom is said to have felt no remorse for the heinous act he had just committed. The writer instills these feelings within us by saying thing like the man trampled calmly over the childs body this not only makes the reader horrified that someone could do such a thing, is also exceedingly curious as to who this man could be and why is he so remorseless for what he has done. Mr. Enfield makes several accounts of Mr. Hydes persona. The way in which Mr. Enfield reacts to the sight of Mr. Hyde makes the reader believe he must be a truly terrible man to provoke such a reaction from a well respected man such as Mr. Enfield. Mr. Enfield Says that Hyde gave me one look, so ugly that it brought the sweat on me like running, The reader will immediately relate someone being hideously ugly to them being morally objectionable. He also says I had taken a loathing to the man at first sight the reader questions what could it be that causes him to beacon this loathsome aura. It is said by Enfield that it was not only him to feel this way towards Hyde I saw that sawbones turn sick and white with the desire to kill him the reader wonders what could possible cause a man you whom had previously been described as emotionless to feel this way to a man he does not even know. The final account of Hyde is short but is nonetheless important it is when Hyde is described as being really like Satan. This is a grave accusation to make, saying that a man is like Satan the epitome of all that is evil. It is not false though Hyde is all that is evil within Dr. Jekyll. Mr. Enfield says that the man he saw was of the name Hyde. This name has a eerie ring to it, it carries a certain mystique. When people hear the name Hyde they immediately think of secrecy and what is the secrecy for. Later in the novel Utterson makes reference to Hydes name saying If he is Mr. Hyde then I shall be Mr. Seek. This immediately makes the reader think of the childhood game hide and seek. If this mans name is Hyde then why must he be found, what will he do? One technique that Stevenson uses to great effect is withholding information about the character Mr. Hyde. Mr. Enfield says no sir I had a delicacy, I feel very strongly about putting questions. This is Enfield saying that he did not inquire too deeply about Hyde. This creates mystery and suspense. Hyde is a mysterious character who the reader knows very little about but is intrigued by. Suspense is created by the fear of what this man is going to do. Enfield and Utterson also agree not to talk about this man again. This makes the reader incredibly suspicious of why it is that these two men do not wish to speak about this incident. Mr. Utterson states on page fifteen that already knows of Mr. Hyde saying The fact is, if I do not ask you the name of the other party, it is because I know it already. This shows to the reader that Mr. Utterson knows more than he is letting on. This makes the audience suspicious as to why a good man like Utterson would feel the need to keep this information to himself. Chapter two Dr. Jekylls will is very bizarre it says that in the case of Dr. Jekylls disappearance or unexplained absence for any period exceeding three calendar months, the said Edward Hyde should step into the said Henry Jekylls shoes without further delay. This engages the readers interest as to what the connection is between Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. Its irrationality is said to have offended Mr. Utterson both as a lawyer and a lover of the sane. It is strange because it does not say that he should be dead before he steps in. Mr. Utterson is left baffled by what has been written in Jekylls will and decides to go visit Dr. Lanyon. Lanyon tells Utterson that ten years ago he began to go wrong in the mind. This raises suspicions in the readers mind about Dr. Jekyll now that they see that one of his dearest friends now speaks of him in such a way. He sys that his unscientific balderdash was so delirious and immoral that is could have estranged Damon and Pythias who in Greek mythology are known for being inseparable friends. The reader must wonder what it is that Dr. Jekyll did to provoke such a claim from a close friend. Lanyon says to Utterson that he knows not of Hyde. This makes the audience suspicious of how it is possible for a man who claims to have been so close to Dr. Jekyll, but does not even know the man who he wishes to leave his entire estate to. We are told that Mr. Enfields imagination also was engaged, or rather enslaved; as he lay and tossed in the gross darkness of the night. Stevenson tells the reader that Utterson is imagining all of the terrible things that this Hyde character could have done. This automatically makes the reader imagine which builds up a sense of horror in the readers mind. We are told that Utterson did not know what Hyde looked like. Like Mr. Utterson the reader will imagine the worst of what Mr. Hyde looks like. He is described as a human Juggernaut the word Juggernaut instills images of an untamed beast that you must be cautious around. It was the face of a man who was without bowels of mercy This makes the reader tense about how terrible this man could be. Spirit of enduring hatred it could be because of the way Enfield reacted to this man that has caused Utterson to feel this way. When Utterson finally meets Hyde it is a very Dramatic tense scene full of typical language from gothic writings of that era e.g. it was a fine dry night, frost in the air, the streets as clean as a ball room this is typical extremely descriptive scene setting. From previous descriptions of Mr. Hyde the reader can only expect the worse for Mr. Utterson.

The Physiological Healing Process Of Soft Tissue Biology Essay

The Physiological Healing Process Of Soft Tissue Biology Essay It is imperative, as a sports therapist, to understand the process of soft tissue repair to develop a safe and effective management plan for clients injury problems. Understanding this, allows us to decide what modalities or interventions to apply. If certain therapy techniques or inappropriate exercises are applied, it can lead to further problems in the healing stages. A therapist cannot change the time is takes to heal an injury but can certainly make the stages more effective. There are four stages of healing that will be discussed in more detail later on in the essay. In the event of an injury, the process of healing that follows depends on the extent of the injury and the approximation of the wound sites stump ends. There are two types of tissue healing; primary and secondary intention. Healing by primary intention commonly occurs in minor wounds wherein the tissue separation is small and a bridge of cells bind the ends of the wound together, resulting in a small line of scar tissue. Healing by secondary intention occurs in more severe wounds, where the stump ends cannot be bridged as they are too far apart. The wound heals by producing tissue from around the wound to fill the space created by the wound. This can occur in second degree sprains where ligament tissue is torn and not surgically repaired. Secondary intention healing takes longer than primary and also results in a larger scar. Healing can be described as a continuum of changing events. There are four common stages to healing; bleeding, inflammation, proliferation and re-modelling. All the stages overlap considerably and are not separate. Figure 1 healing phases Diagram to illustrate the four stages of healing (Watson, 2009) Figure 1 shows a basic overview of the four stages. The phases are shown individually, but in reality, they are overlapped. Some events associated with one phase act as stimulant for the next phase. The first stage of soft tissue repair is bleeding. As a result of soft tissue damage; blood vessels are damaged as well. The severity of the bleeding depends upon the vascularity of the tissue involved. Muscles have a more increased vascularity than ligaments. This stage lasts around 6 to 8 hours depending on the tissue involved. The main focus of a sports therapists management would be to rest. It would be advisable to use crutches, stopping any weight bearing activity, as bleeding can start if the wound opens up again. A compression bandage could be considered to delay the onset of the inflammation phase. Restricting the intake of alcohol, aspirins and medications could be beneficial for the patient as these can thin the blood considerably. Once the body has moved into the haemostasis stage, bleeding will stop and the repair phase moves into the inflammation stage. The second stage of healing is inflammation. The shift from bleeding to inflammation is not clear, as there may be some bleeding in the start of the inflammation phase. Houglum (2005) identifies that there are five cardinal signs to inflammation; heat, redness, swelling, pain and loss of function. This is a normal and necessary process to healing and can take up to 2 to 3 days. The stage can be initiated by numerous events such as trauma, mechanical irritation and thermal or chemical insult. Houglum (2005, p.37) states that During inflammation, the injury is contained and stabilized and debris removed. There are two elements to the inflammatory events that occur in parallel; vascular and cellular. The vascular phase consists of close interaction between cells and chemicals, the process of chemotaxis taking place causing vascular permeability. Vascular permeability allows cells and chemicals that are in the blood stream to enter the injury site and perform their functions to heal the tissue. It is initially caused by histamine, a local hormone that is released by cells that enter the area due to which blood vessels get larger and leaker. As a result of this unwanted fluids and waste material are cleared. Histamine is a short lived hormone and its function is carried on by serotin and kinins. Kinins presence at the injury site is also short term and is followed by prostaglandin formation. There are two prostaglandins, one continuing the vascular permeability and one attracts leukocytes to the injury site. These prostaglandins stimulate repair or the damaged site and stimulate the stage into proliferation. As a result of vasodilation and vasopermeability there is an increase in f low volume, an increase in hydrostatic pressure and swelling. The other phase of the inflammation stage is cellular events where there is a migration of various cells to the injured area. Platelets release phospholipids which effectively stop the bleeding by stimulating a clotting mechanism. According to Houglum (2005, p. 38) Platelets also bind to the collagen fiber stumps that were exposed by the injury. Platelets can also release substances such as fibronectin, growth factors and fibrogen. Watson (2009) suggests that following the bleeding phase, fibrin and fibronectin form a solid layer that helps the adhesion of various cells, like a plug stopping the bleeding. As the healing stage progresses, the plug is replaced by type III collagen. Leakage from the blood vessels is stopped by the fibrin plug, which compromises their ability to remove the extra fluid from the area. However, later on fibrinolysin is released allowing drainage of excess fluid from the area. Within the first few hours of injury, white blood cells such as neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils start to remove debris from the site. As these are short lived, they are replaced by monocytes and macrophages. These exhibit a strong phagocytic activity that is responsible for the tissue debridement that takes place. Houglum (2005) argues that inflammation can become harmful if it is prolonged, further than the normal healing time. Generally an injury should be passed through to acute inflammation and then to healing. Conversely, if acute inflammation is interrupted there can be a negative effect and as a result the injury can move into chronic inflammation. Chronic inflammation will result in a pus formation consisting of dead white blood cells. Failure of the body to deal with the initial insult is where healing fails to take place. As a result of this healing by fibrosis takes place where scar tissue is formed. The goal of a sports therapist would be to facilitate inflammation but minimizing it (Houglum, 2005). This would be accomplished by applying initial first aid using the price principles. Protection via bandages and supports to the injury would be applied to reduce the likeliness of further bleeding or swelling. Brukner and Khan (2007) suggest that rest, with the use of crutches for lower limb injury and a sling for upper limb, will help reduce the metabolic requirement around the injury site. Ice can slow down nerve conduction, which slows down the rate pain gets to the spinal cord, effectively reducing the pain sensation. Ice would also increase vasospasm, reducing uncontrolled swelling around the injury. Brukner and Khan (2007) also advise that compression and elevation reduce swelling around the area and can decrease the effect of hydrostatic pressure which helps to reduce pain around the site. Hands off techniques such as active movements in a pain free range can beneficial. Inflammation takes place in an anaerobic environment. After the macrophages clean up the injury site they recruit and activate other cells that start through anaerobic respiration where lactic acid is produced. Lactic acid stimulates the next stage of tissue repair named proliferation. The third stage of soft tissue repair is proliferation, the true phase of healing, when bleeding has completely stopped. Watson (2009) suggests that it is the restoration of tissue continuity with the deposition of repair tissue. The stage of proliferation has a rapid onset of 24 to 48 hours but takes much longer to reach its peak reactivity, between 2 to 3 weeks. If the tissue is more vascular, it will take a shorter time in reaching peak proliferation production. There are two fundamental processes involved in the repair which are fibroplasia and angiogenesis. The migration of fibroblasts is principally responsible for the development of new capillaries and extracellular matrix. A production of substances made by the fibroblasts will make up a matrix of collagen, proteoglycans and elastin which are required for vital scar tissue formation and proliferation. This migration to the injured site, allows fibroblasts to lay down collagen type III. Although, the fibre structure of type III collagen is weak, it helps provide the wounds primary tensile strength. It can be easily torn if too much stress is applied. Alongside fibroplasia, a process called angiogenesis takes place. Watson (2009) states à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦capillaries in the region of the tissue damage bud and grow towards the repair zone. Blood flow through the region is re-established, providing oxygen and nutrients while removing metabolic waste products. Oxygen is essential for many of the repair processes, but more importantly for collagen production. This process of tissue maturation continues into the remodelling phase. To facilitate the proliferation stage, a sports therapist should apply heat to increase the blood flow to the area, effectively bringing more oxygen to the injury site and allowing more collagen production. Houglum (2005) believes ultrasound promotes collagen and myofibroblast production. Ultrasound would facilitate the proliferation phase as there is an increased need of collagen and myofibroblasts. Brukner and Khan (2007) claim that proprioceptive work such as joint awareness and positional sense can help enhance general coordination which will help facilitate strength and endurance exercises required in the next stage. Nutritional support such as whey proteins and vitamin c can speed up the healing process. Various authors (Houglum, 2005 and Watson, 2009) identify that the remodelling stage normally starts at the peak of proliferation around 2-3 weeks and can last up to 18 months. Wound contraction starts and type III collagen are converted to type I, to stabilise and restore the injury site. As there is more type I collagen, it becomes more insoluble and less resistant to damage. Collagen fibres produce more cross links as fluid is reduced in the area, strengthening the structure of the scar. Eventually this cross linking becomes the major source of the scars tensile strength. The large numbers of capillaries produced in the proliferation phase are no longer needed and start to retreat. Fibroblasts migrated from the previous stage will also reduce. Visible changes can be seen, with the cellular changes taking place including the loss of scars red colour changing to white and then evening out with natural skin tone. Therapeutic interventions to facilitate the remodelling phase can be a range of exercises and deep tissue work. These can help the arrangement of collagen fibres. Houglum (2005, p.43) claims that: When collagen fibers are aligned in an organized, parallel fashion, collagen can form the greatest number of cross links and thereby possess optimal strength. In this organised arrangement, function and mobility is at its greatest degree and properly applied forces can enhance it. Khan and Scott (2009, p. 249) in their report confirm that: The benefits of loading include improved alignment of regenerating myotubes, faster and more complete regeneration, and minimisation of atrophy of surrounding myotubes. Physical stress is an important component in the development of quality tissue repair. With this in mind, resistance training can be considered. Brukner and Khan (2007) suggest that resistance training may stimulate collagen synthesis. Strength and power training such as squats, dead lifts, compounds lifts that use more than one joint will increase the strength not only in the wounded area but the overall body. Sports specific exercises and complex training can also help in this stage. Brukner and Khan (2007) identify that stretching will promote a flexible strong scar. These interventions can speed up the conversion of type III collagen fibres into type I. General factors that delay the healing process are age, protein deficiency, low vitamin c levels, steroids and NSAIDs and temperature when low. The local factors known to delay healing are a poor blood supply, adhesion to bone or other underlying tissue, continued inflammation, drying of the wound and excessive movement can restart inflammation. Bleeding, inflammation, proliferation and remodelling are the four stages of soft tissue repair that are distinct but overlapping. From a sports therapists perspective it is important we apply therapeutic intervention at the right time and the appropriate management in order to facilitate the repair process avoiding delays by entering the chronic inflammation phase. Each athlete or client has different post injury sporting goals, level of skill and degrees of competitiveness, which all influence the rehabilitation programme. Therapeutic exercise must be administered carefully without causing harm to the healing tissues if rehabilitation programs are to be successful.

Gertrude as an Innocent Victim or a Sexually and Morally Corrupt Woman

Gertrude as an Innocent Victim or a Sexually and Morally Corrupt Woman in Hamlet Shakespeare’s character Gertrude is one of much mystery; in relation to this there are many questions that need to be answered to establish Gertrude’s innocence through out the play. Some examples of these questions are, was Gertrude in some kind of relationship with Claudius before the murder of her late Husband and did she know about the murder before or after it was committed? Does she love Claudius or is it just her status that she is protecting? And did she ever love the late King Hamlet? At the beginning of the play when we learn about the late King Hamlet’s death and Gertrude’s hasty marriage to his brother Claudius, we are faced with a question on the audience’s awareness. It can be assumed that the marriage to her brother- in-law is purely because of Gertrude’s weak personality, resulting in a dependency on men and the means of protecting her status and her power. We also question the love between the Gertrude and Claudius; this is because there is no suggestion of a resemblance between the late King and his brother. The description that we are given about late King Hamlet maybe slightly distorted, as it is Hamlet who tells us this, and he is noticeably loyal to his father. It is also possible to argue that the love that the late King and Gertrude shared was not that strong as the only evidence to suggest this has been told to us by Hamlet and he maybe slightly bias. First we notice that Gertrude does not display her grief for her dead husband, and suspicions mount when she also tells Hamlet that he should stop his mourning as well.... ...unishment upon death. She does not show any untoward hatred towards Claudius showing that she may not be aware of his cruel deed. In the end Gertrude drinks the poison which can suggest many things; that she has no knowledge of the poison or that she feels guilty of her late husband’s death, and cannot carry on with the corrupt behaviour between her husband and her son, or that she is protecting her son and saving his life. When she attempts to consume the drink she is stopped suddenly by Claudius, but she replies â€Å"I will my lord, I pray you pardon me†, is this the request of someone who is guilty, someone who is tired of the fighting between her two dearest or of someone with no awareness of what was going to happen? This for many readers is the critical part of the play in determining her innocence or guilt.

Y2k: Should We Be Worried? :: essays research papers

Some people wonder what Y2K is, and whether it is true or false. Should we be worried about Y2K? Some people are sure it is false, yet the news stresses that it is true. This has many people in fear for their life. Some have been preparing for over a year now because they think Y2K is going to hit and the power will go out and absolutely nothing will work. Should we believe this? Many people ask, "What is Y2K?". It made me wonder one day, "What does Y2K really mean?". I went to the search engine <a href="http://www.altavista.com">Altavista and typed in "What does Y2K stand for?". I looked and looked and finally found a page that answered mine and many others' questions. Y2K stands for Year 2000. Why K though? Why not Y2T? It is K because the Greek for thousand is Kilo so we use K to stand for thousand. Then comes another big question. What causes Y2K? There are two different factors in what causes Y2K. One factor being: Along time ago, approximately in the 70's different operating systems were being made for computers. The computer programmers decided to make the dates in these operating systems and programs with 2 digits(73) instead of 4(1973). That was all fine until about the early 90's when computer programmers noticed something. They saw that when the year 2000 rolled around the computers would read the date as 00 instead of 2000. The computer would think, "1900?", but I was made in 1973. This confuses the computer ,therefore, it resets it's self to 1980 and rearranges all of the settings in the BIOS (the programs that tells the computer which drive to load to, what kind of memory, what kind of CD-ROM the computer has, etc.). This could cause a problem, but nothing that could not be fixed in 5 minutes. One downfall to that is every time it got up to 2000 it would need to be fixed again. The upside being a program that reads the date with four digits is approximately ninety dollars depending on the kind of program wanted. The other factor is a computer programming language called COBOL (common business oriented language). This computer programming language is used by many businesses' computers. COBOL handles numbers and text so that businesses can produce reports and keep track of all sorts of data. It has no idea what a date is.

NAFTA and the Labor Debate Essay -- Economy Trade Essays

NAFTA and the Labor Debate The Debate Since the end of the eighties and the beginning of the nineties, there has been a surge in the creation of trade agreements all over the world. The one encompassing the largest area and affecting the greatest number of people is the North American Free Trade Agreement (Text of the NAFTA, Organization of American States). The three major countries of North America signed this regional trade agreement in 1993: Mexico, the United States, and Canada. The North American Free Trade Agreement or the NAFTA, as it became popularly called, was an effort that was initiated by the United States. At first, there existed the CFTA agreement between the United States and Canada. Later the U.S. Administration saw it as beneficial if the country of Mexico entered the free trade agreement. In August of 1990, then Mexican President Carlos Salinas de Gortari formally applied to enter a free trade arrangement with the United States. Six months later, Canada announced that it too would join the negotiation s for a tri-national trade agreement (Coote, p. 7). The agreement was signed and approved by the governments of the three countries and the NAFTA came into effect on January 1, 1994. Interdependence and Free Trade, These are the two most fashionable words spoken by economists and world leaders today. The majority of the nations of the world are involved one type of trade agreement or another and nearly all of the countries in the world are members of the World Trade Organization. With this surge in interdependence and trade agreements however, there have surged many problems and issues that cause much controversy and discordance. One of the main issues that has caused controversy, especially in th... ...TA" in Alan Rugman, 1994. Foreign Investment in NAFTA. Columbia SC. University of South Carolina Press Smith, Adam. 1976. An Inquiery into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press Department Of Labor. Bureau of Labor Statistics. www.stats.bls.gov Table A-4, Selective Employment Indicators Secretaria de Trabajo y Prevision Social. Estadisticas Laborales. Trabajadores Asegurados Permanentes Por Gran Division de Actividad Economica Registrados en el IMSS. www.stps.gob.mx United States – Mexico Chamber of Commerce. "The North American Free Trade Agreement at Five Years : What It Means for the U.S. and Mexico" www.usmcoc.org /naftafor.html United States – Mexico Chamber of Commerce. "The North American Free Trade Agreement: Five Years Linking U.S. and Mexican Markets" http://www.usmcoc.org/nafta5_eng.html

Certificate Essay

Whilst the layout of reports is often a personal or corporate matter, it is wise to follow a few simple rules. )The report should have a beginning, middle and end. b)It should be laid out in a manner that makes it easy to read (e. g. a title, sub headings, references to observation sheet where necessary). c)Any recommendations are usually left until the end. This allows the busy manager to skip all the wordy report and look at the ‘bottom line’. 2. Relevant topics. It is important to remember the purpose of this report. The majority of faults found during the inspection will be of a minor nature, which would be rectified by the workforce supervisor. The secret of a good report is identifying those matters, which will need management action. Typically, these would include: a)Anything that has a cost implication, e. g. the need to budget for rebuild, the need to provide lockers etc. b)Possible breaches of legislation, e. g. All portable electrical equipment should be regularly tested, a requirement of the Electricity at Work Regulations 1989. c)A breakdown of procedures, e. g. PPE not being booked in and out of stores, a requirement of the workshop. )Poor supervision, e. g. Personnel working without PPE. e)Underlying problems, e. g. Attitude of workers regarding tidiness. There is a need for further training to highlight the need for good housekeeping 3. Cost implications. One of the most important factors associated with convincing management about taking action is the cost implication. If you can assure the reader that the action necessary will cost little or nothing, then the chances of agreement to the action is almost certain . The above, notwithstanding, if there is a substantial cost implication then it is necessary to highlight the fact to enable plans for future budgeting to be made. 4. Relevant legislation. As with the cost implications above, highlighting Possible breaches of legislation will often lead to management action. It is necessary to ensure that the legislation quoted is relevant, however. 5. Strength of argument. By producing a well balanced, logical report encompassing all of the above points, it should be enough to convince most managers that action needs to e taken. (it should be noted that in real life situations there are certain managers who will never be convinced, short of an accident happening, of the need for good health and safety practice.

Marketing Strategies Essay

Marketing strategies are not effective and they are just a fad for different organizations. Agree/Disagree Sultan Lashari In statement Marketing strategies are not effective and they are just a fad does not fit in the parameters of agreeable statement; it forces us to consider the health of the statement in terms of profit impact of marketing strategy. Marketing strategy many have its share of setbacks in the marketing moves if that is given the status â€Å"not being effective†. It does not mean holding back growth. Companies often desire a balanced product portfolio. [ (Kotler) ] To treat marketing strategy as just a fad is on the wrong basis, because the strategy changes in terms of several key strategic factors that can be explored to make changes of the situation. The term fad is a product life cycle type and a fad curve represents quick popularity and a sudden decline and extended fad except that residual sales at a fraction of earlier sales after the initial success . A sophisticated marketing planner must be able to ask the right questions and planning strategy must relate to the problem of building right kind of approach which is nothing but a path way to achieve the desired end in competitive market environment. [ (Forsyth) ] In order that marketing strategy is shaped to win-win situation that is to be termed effective, it must see that marketing strategy is devise around the stage, a particular product is in the product life cycle which has a typical pattern from traditional, boom or classic, fad, extended fad, seasonal or fashion, revival or nostalgia and bust. In fad time, sales look like: FAD Sales Time In devising marketing strategy, we must keep in mind that it can only be considered effective if we do not disregard the basic fact that product promotion has a direct bearing to the stage a product is at in the product life cycle. Formulating and implementing marketing strategy is a distinct decision-making focus. Planning and executing the marketing strategy involves many inter-related decisions such as: what to do, when to do it, and how it should be done. [ (Forsyth) ] This is got to be based on the nature of the organization and its product portfolio. The reason for calling marketing strategies ineffective or different organizations could be attributed to something for saying sake. As a matter of fact, marketing strategies involve various market situations and one need to make decisions intelligently. The process of formulating and implementing marketing strategies involves corporate objectives and strategy. [ (Forsyth) ] The marketing is the game of variable and by placing heavier accent on one or more of the marketing variables that is product, price, promotion and distribution, the winning platform can be labeled. The entire marketing concept leaves much to imagination in developing correct mix [ (Kotler) ]. In a nutshell, devising marketing strategies necessitates due diligence on the stage, the product is in the product life cycle because you have to understand market opportunities in or business level objective, for new market entries, for growth markets an or mature and declining markets. This enables the marketers for correct target marketing and product positioning. [ (Kotler) ] Works Cited Forsyth, P. Every thing you need to know. Kotler, P. Management skills in marketing.

Market Management – Aramex

Aramex Assessing Brand Strategy: And the small shall act big†¦ Aramex is a fast growing brand with an exceptional business model which has been present in the middle east reigon for nearly 30 years and with a culture focused on innovations and entreprenuership, it is aiming to be recognised as the fifth global express and logistics service provider Brand Personality: Started very small with a strong visionary personality and alot of ambitious to grow big, Aramex is a founding member of the Global Distribution Alliance. What makes Aramex different from other express companies in the market? Armex is the only ‘All in one total transportation provider’, with high level of customised transportation solutions providing diversified services like international express delivery, freight forwarding, logistics, domestic express delivery, document management and a shopping online service which is one of their extremelly succesful world-class innovations called â€Å"shop and ship† where customers can go online and get a US- or UK-based address assigned by Aramex, do their shopping and get their packages delivered to that domestic address in the US or UK.Aramex picks up (the shopping) and brings it over to the region (the shipping). Delivery Unlimited: The slogan reviles the willingness of the company to have a footprint on each corner across the globe, expansions strategies have already taken place as the company have announced the acquicition of Ireland-headquartered Aquaship Agencies, which will strengthen the presence of Aramex in the Irish market and will expand its ocean freight capabilities in Europe.What Message do they deliver on their websites? Aramex develops a unique brand image through their website, they show excellency in all areas, they have developed many electronic tools enabling the customers to manage their shipping needs, tools such as Shipment Status Notification where customers can get updates on their shipments on daily or w eekly basis. Customers also can track their shippments by SMS, just by sending their shippment number to Aramex.All these services benefiting the customers which are done in a unique way have made aramex to occupy a distinctive place in the mind of their customers. How do their staff interact with customers? Speed, reliabilty and trust can be easily noticed in aramex staff, they are every where, offices, motorcycles,vans, trucks, boats and 24 hours call center and social netwroking websites. A customer can contact aramex on their Facebook page, simply by writing his/her query on their wall and aramex will reply instantly.With a team who is expert in their field, they can easily manage customers requirments. What customers think when they think of Aramex? Always there on time, and to reach that, aramex is proactive in engaging with their customers , they have a highly Trained Customer Management Teams who conduct customer survays to have a better understanding of customer needs in or der to improve the quality of their customer services.Features/Benefits of Aramex services: Aramex makes offers from time to time to attarct potential customers and to atract thir current customers to a particular service, few months ago MasterCard cardholders would receive 50% off the membership and 10% off all shipping charges. This offer enabled cardholders to enjoy Shop and Ship's renowned convenience and reach at even lower rates.

Rain Man

Rain Man The movie I chose to analyze from a psychological perspective is Rain Man. The character I have chosen is Charlie Babbit . I chose Charlie because it was interesting to see how drastic he changes his moods. At one point he can be happy and the next he could be yelling at everyone. Charlie Babbit is a Caucasian male around his late twenties who works as a car salesman, and has a girlfriend named Susanna. Charlie Babbitt is a selfish man who gets angry very easily. He focuses on what he has to say rather than what others have to say. He is a very demanding person.Charlie has avoided talking to his father for years. When he finds out that his father passed away he didn’t react at all it was like if nothing had happened. Instead he focuses on how much money his father left him in his will. His father left three million dollars to his autistic brother Raymond of whose existence Charlie knew nothing of. The prenatal life of Charlie Babbitt must have been in a time of negati ve life experience and stress for his mother. In order to better understand more about Charlie’s prenatal life would be to know what situations his mother was going through while she was pregnant.It seems to me that Charlie was an unhappy baby. His temperamental pattern must have been difficult. Charlie’s mother died when he was only two years old, and his brother Raymond was put away in a mental institution right after the death of his mother . Charlie did not form a healthy attachment with his parents since his mother passed away at an early stage in his life. During Charlie’s preoperational stage Charlie did not form a health bond with his father while growing up.

IT - Security Plan Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

IT - Security Plan - Case Study Example A computer system must be protected to access it from unauthorized persons. In addition, different methods and techniques are used to protect a computer system from unauthorized access. In this scenario, a security plan consists of rules and measures that will be followed by an organization to ensure the information security (Whitman & Mattord, 2011; Smith & Spafford, 2004; Williams, 2007). This paper is outlines the process of developing a security plan to addresses the security requirements identified by ACME IT Manager and control gaps (security requirements) identified previously by Well-Health Inc. ISSO. This security plan is aimed at identifying the basic security needs for Well-Health Inc. along with other security issues and dangers. This research will also suggest mitigation procedures and measures that can be incorporated to handle and manage the corporate security management. Plan Scope and Purpose Purpose Basically, the information security plans contain a wide variety of guidelines and rules that promote standardized response to some information security issue that can be encountered, as a result facilitating a team of IT experts to instantly recognize what action should be taken in some situation. However, the information security plan should be placed into situation by an enterprise that has a computer and communication network. Though, these procedures and policies are tremendously complicated to plan as well as implement, however sound information security policies facilitate an operation to care-for its data with relative ease (Elemental Cyber Security, Inc., 2012; Whitman & Mattord, 2011). In the previous stages, we have assessed a number of aspects regarding new security controls arrangements, applications, requirements which need to be updated before application of new health care insurance system. This section outlines scope and purpose of the information security plan. The purpose of this security plan is to offer some guidelines and poli cies that could be adopted by ACME IT in case of a disaster. Scope The implementation of an information security plan for ACME IT would be extremely helpful and profitable and beneficial while launching any new information technology project by the Well-Health Inc. The scope of this plan includes offering following capabilities to the ACME IT: Effective data protection Disaster management and handling Application of suitable controls and authentication Enhanced data security Better data quality No breach of copyright Assessment of daily tasks Quality authentication Easy way of working Easy management of the data Less conflicts among data formats Easy data sharing among all division of the corporate Target Application Identification and Description The purpose of applying this security plan is to deal with security issues assessed by ACME IT: Security Issues: Main security issues are: Lack of suitable security policies No enhanced cryptographic modules No record of staff i.e. their c urrent and past employment history No proper mechanism for employees to sign a statement confirming that they have

Stem Cell Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Stem Cell - Research Paper Example The stem cells have been used in the medical fields to rectify conditions, and its application in treating Epydermylosis Bullosa is a good example. Successful gene therapies and treatments in the management of the condition were realized in 2010 and 2013. The stem cells were also used earlier and by 2009, bone marrow transplants were used to remedy conditions. Research is also being furthered to establish whether the stem cells can be used in the treatment of leukemia, brain injuries, and cancer among others. Stem cells provide a positive prognosis if well applied and intensive research done before the use. For instance, advice is given that one should select a sustainable and appropriate stem cell for any therapy and treatment. Though there are fears that stem cells cause cancer if the build up and differentiation is too much, there is no doubt that stem cells promise a better future in therapy and treatment of illnesses and malfunctions. The human body is made up of millions of cel ls that perform many specialized functions. The cell has been defined as the basic unit of life, which translates to showing the paramount importance of the cells in our bodies. These cells are differentiated and they carry out specialized functions, perfect examples being the blood cells and the liver cells (Dittmar and Zanker, 2009). In the body, there is also another type of cells which are referred to as stem cells. Stem cells are cells with the ability to differentiate and develop into other specialized types of cells. They can be termed as the raw materials for the body due to their importance and unique aspect of replicating cells. These stem cells are distinguished from the rest by three very special and unique characteristics. First, these cells are unspecialized and undifferentiated, as opposed to the other body cells that are highly specialized and differentiated. This means that they can reproduce cells that can perform any function, from the heart cells, blood cells, li ver cells among others. The fact that they are undifferentiated means that they do not have a defined or particular line of role that they become. They usually become any cell type once they differentiate (Lanza and Atala, 2013). The second characteristic is that stem cells can be induced to produce and become cells with special functions, this being the main reason why they are used in the laboratory for experiments. The last unique characteristic is that whereas the other cells in the body differentiate to replicate themselves, the stem cells do not differentiate to reproduce themselves. Instead, they produce daughter cells which can either become stem cells yet again or become specialized and differentiated cells. These stem cells do not have such a limited life span as compared to the other cells. The stem cells are also very important since they help in renewing, repairing and replacing all dead and worn out tissues and cells in the body (Eapen and Nandini, 2011). Types of stem cells There is no single form of classifying then types of stem cells that has been conventionally agreed on, but one of the most known and classification of types is based on their potency. This results to having five types of stem cells (Lanza and Atala, 2013). The totipotent stem cell type is the first type. These are stem cells that are formed

Ethics of Engineering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ethics of Engineering - Essay Example The engineering profession makes significant contributions to the everyday work and life of the government, private and public companies, as well as the general public. As Weil, in discussing the types of questions presented to citizens, companies, and policy makers, states: â€Å"How should aircraft producers, airlines and the government regulatory agency deal with wiring insulation problems that have surfaced? What will be the consequences of changing our pollution-control strategy? Suppose that instead of attacking outflow of pollutants at the pipe end, we target input at the front end? (Weil, V. 2002: 59). All of these types of questions fall at the feet of the engineering profession. The impact engineers have on safety could not be more dramatically demonstrated than the space shuttle Challenger disaster. It is common knowledge that the engineering staff was against the launch because it feared the effect of cold weather on the O-rings. Every engineer involved knew that if the O-rings failed, there would be an explosion and the mission would be lost. When the engineering staff notified command authorities that they were recommending postponement of the loss, the managers pressured the engineers to change their minds. In the end, the engineers capitulated and the launch went forward as planned—with disastrous results. Why didn’t the command staff listen to the concerns of the engineers? Why did the engineers change their position? If the engineers had such great concerns, why didn’t someone blow the whistle? All of these questions carry ethical implications that cross professional and occupational lines—including the duty of all engineers to preserve the integrity of the profession, the firm or industry for whom they work, and the safety and wellbeing of the individuals who will use their designs. In this case, the very lives of the astronauts were at stake. When that

People in Organizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

People in Organizations - Essay Example standing of the way people would react to a ‘change’ scenario and as to what their reactions would be in the wake of closing certain offices and more than that putting an end to their jobs. This brings to light the situation at NIC. The key issues which could be had in the wake of Gloria Barker’s initiatives are bringing a sense of change within the attitudes of the people as they must know that this change is for their own betterment, both in the short term scenario as well as in the long run. They must be told that these initiatives will bring in the much needed stability for the operations of the organization as well as provide incentives to the employees in different forms. However this is a totally different matter altogether that the people who are told to leave their jobs, as the offices coming under the direct hold of NIC close, will have a sense of resentment which is quite understandable but within the global contexts of a changing business climate, this is all the more common at the present. The key issues also bring to light the aspect of ‘Building the New NIC’ which is a philosophy that needs strenuous thinking and action to back up the very mindset which has been developed as a result of the same. This asks of the management culture to bring about an environment which is full of positive attitude since this is much needed at the end of the day. People must be motivated enough in their job to adopt the changing regime because if the same is missing, then there is little room for improvement within the changing culture of the organization. (Gellerman, 1968) Also the role of Human Resources Department is of essence since it must cut down on the traditional mindset that it has had of late and give up the same for the contemporary office climate as the latter will bring in employees who are better equipped to handle tasks and more learned than are present within the realms of NIC at the current stage. It will also motivate and encourage the

Commercial Bank of Qatar Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Commercial Bank of Qatar - Assignment Example The profit from these services differs according to a number of different factors such as volume and nature of the service provided. To increase bank profitability, it is important to distinguish between retail banking products that produce high profit from those that produce low profit. (Open Solutions 2007) provides a profit analysis solution referred to as "ProfitVision". ProfitVision is ready-to-deploy solution that can be adapted to the financial institution needs. It integrates with other accounting solutions to extract real time data for its operations. The institution decides how deep their profitability measure goes by deciding which products, branches and business units to include. The institution picks the data to use in profit calculations and the formulas to be applied to generate the results. The profit model defines processes, threshold and indices that are specific to the enterprise to provide decision makers with custom reports. ProfitVision allows managers to analyze and segment their customers, products and business entities according to profitability. Results can be exported to internal systems for automated action (Open Solutions 2007). The Commercial Bank of Qatar (CBQ) is the second largest bank in Qatar with 6.8 billion dollars as of June 2006 (Peninsula 2006). CBQ provides a number of retail banking services such as customer accounts, loans and credit cards. Most information systems employed withi... ProfitVision allows managers to analyze and segment their customers, products and business entities according to profitability. Results can be exported to internal systems for automated action (Open Solutions 2007). The Commercial Bank of Qatar (CBQ) is the second largest bank in Qatar with 6.8 billion dollars as of June 2006 (Peninsula 2006). CBQ provides a number of retail banking services such as customer accounts, loans and credit cards. 2. Research Problem 2.1 Research Problem Description Most information systems employed within banks do not provide bank managers with measurements of profitability of different bank segments dealing in different banking retail products. Bank managers base their decision making on hunches and not actual profitability of different bank segments. Terri Stonebraker, director of customer services at Bellco Credit Union, said "Bellco operated on hunches about its various segments. We needed to know who the most and least profitable segments are" (Marlin 2003). CBQ similar to most banks suffer from lack of profitability measures of different bank segments. Bank senior managers lack the measures to highlight high and low profitability within bank segments. CBQ senior managers require profitability analysis of bank sectors to improve the quality of financial management within the bank. 2.2 Significance and Contribution of the Research Problem Profit analysis of different retail banking products and bank sectors develops a profit-conscious decision making throughout the institution. Financial institution senior managers would be able to encourage strategies to attract and retain most profitable customers, as well as make

The Global Marketplace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Global Marketplace - Essay Example They always put people before the product and this has ensured success for them locally as well as internationally. Even with suppliers they have a healthy relationship, this allows them to get quality coffee beans thus good coffee. They are also involved in corporate social responsibilities services like helping the farmers and protecting the environment by buying only from those suppliers who are socially responsible themselves. Looking at the price we see it high priced thus the target market is elite in Germany. 1 lb. of coffee costs approximately $11. Thus the rich Germans prefer to go there and since the coffee is made to their taste (altered according to German preferences that is they prefer more sweet coffee) the coffee is an instant hit. The decor of Starbucks is made to look cozy and intimate and also provides privacy to people, this gives people an incentive to spend time there. They have good music and thus create an ambiance of comfort. It can serve the purpose of a meeting place or a place to escape from problems and be alone. This feature remains to be constant in all outlets all over the world. The article, 'Ethical marketing for Competitive Advantage on the internet' deals with the very debatable question, what is invasion of privacy Its author Ashok Ranchod has weaved quiet interesting facts around this very question. It seems to him that the marketing done online is taking on an aggressive streak with pop ups, deceiving banners, hyperlinks etc being the majority of marketing techniques. The article takes a futuristic approach, with the author pointing out the fact that companies need to develop long term marketing plans, which would retain customers rather than short term plans. The short term plans might sell the product or service initially but in the end if ethical considerations have not been taken place then the company would end up losing their customer base. Therefore in order to survive in the market the future plans of a company should be more of long term nature. The situation that Ashok Ranchod looks upon is that of information acquiring on the Internet. According to his research many people hesitate from indulging in online purchases due to this factor. Cyber crimes, information thefts are becoming all too common these days. There have been many ethical boundaries drawn but only 20% of it is being implemented. The steps that can be taken to rectify this ethical concern is that each product be first analyzed on its harmfulness to the customers. The product should be well tested and should be harm free. Twisting the truth is another factor, with regards to which care should be taken. Then the third most important factor is individual autonomy. This is that companies should not attack customers with pop ups and deceptive links, instead the decision should be left on the customer. Kotler and Levy have written an interesting book, 'Corporate Social Responsibility'. Even they believe that through ethical considerations you can enhance company image, lower employee turnover, lower costs and easily attract investors thus giving you a competitive edge. REFERENCES 1. Starbucks official website. (22/july/2008) http://www.starbucks.com/ 2. Starbucks Germany (22/july/2008) http://www.starbucks.de/de-de/_Our+Stores/ 3. Ashok Ranchhod and Claire Gauzente. "Ethical Marketing for Competitive Advantage on the Internet." Ams Review. (2003)

Prject Management review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Prject Management review - Essay Example The two major categories of estimation are ‘Macro or Top-down approach and Micro or Bottom-up approach’ (Sihombing). The Macro or Top-Down approach This approach is used to make a quick and rough estimation of project cost and time, when the time and expense of a detailed estimate are some issues. Often macro approach is carried out during the conception stage as there is no full design or Work Breakdown Structure available. The macro approaches may have high chances of inaccuracy and therefore, only well experienced personnel can do the estimation. With the help of a similar previous project, the estimation becomes easier. As Gray and Larson (2008, p. 134) point out, the expenses for the foremost subunits of the new project would be proportional to foremost subunits in the previous project. The Micro or Bottom-UP approach The Micro approach takes the project design and a ‘roll-up’ of Work Breakdown Structure elements into consideration (Project management). As it is a detailed approach, it requires multiple personnel and much time to complete the process. If the bottom-up estimate is done properly, it can yield accurate cost and time estimates. The costs for the higher level units are obtained by rolling-up the estimated time and cost connected with the lowest level Work Breakdown Structure packages. And this approach renders the most accurate estimation within the time devoted to developing the estimate. Factors affecting the estimation of Cost and Time There are several significant factors that affect the estimation of project cost and time. The most important factors are; Task Definition: The comprehensiveness of the definition of the project helps to determine whether all tasks have been taken into account. Project Structure: The structure compacted with a dedicated project team will always focuses on the effective completion of the project. Padding: there are chances of increasing the estimates in order to consider the unknown risks which in turn may cause an unwanted trade-off. Culture: It refers to the acceptable behavior of the organization which influences the estimation. Downtime: It is the lapse of time which affects the time estimate due to equipment repairs, holidays, vacations, etc. II An Ideal Approach According to Rosenau and Githens (2006, p. 133), planning, estimating, and resourcing are the most important elements of a successful project; and these elements may seem to be separate issues, but required to be conducted in parallel as they directly influence each other. Estimation of time and cost is needed per each type of resources for every part of the work to be done. An ideal approach from the part of the project manager would be to hold all the different elements and criteria together in a multi-dimensional model. The project manager should mak e sure that the estimation is done by a person who is most familiar with the task. And if possible, it is better to collect estimates from several people and find the variation of risk assessment. In order to avoid the ‘group think’, multiple estimates must be conducted independently. The project manager should use consistent units while estimating task time and the estimates should be based on normal conditions. The

Lev Vygotsky’s Theory Essay Example for Free

Lev Vygotsky’s Theory Essay The development or the growing-up process of a child has been considered as the most critical and crucial part of a person’s life. It is in this stage where most changes take place which determines the strength or weakness of the foundations of one’s skills and capabilities as he or she grows up. Human development has also been an interesting topic or research in the field of psychology over the years. Theories and concepts have been formulated and developed in order to create a wide understanding of the process of human development as it plays a significant part in a person’s foundation as an adult. The developmental process of a child includes several aspects like the physiological, emotional, and cognitive development. In this paper, the focus shall be on cognitive development and the process of language acquisition, as proposed and theorized by Lev Vygotsky. What is Cognitive Development and Language Acquisition? Cognitive development is a part of the overall dynamic process of human maturity. In current media, a lot of products like milk, supplements, and health commodities for children have been advertised to contribute on improving the wellness of a child’s cognitive development. This shows how the current society values this aspect of child development with special importance. Cognitive development pertains to how an individual understands and grasps ideas through learned factors and genetics as well. This developmental aspect is made up of five fields, namely, information processing, intelligence, reasoning, language development, and memory (Wells, 2008). Understanding the whole cognitive development of a child may not be complete without understanding these core fields. However, this paper shall focus on one area which is language development. The definition of intelligence and cognitive development has also become a popular debate among psychologists like Vygotsky and Piaget. Piaget defines intelligence as the ability of an individual to adapt to his or her environment through several adaptation models which include the concepts of assimilation and accommodation, both of which place stronger emphasis on the individual (cited in Lloyd, 1995). On the other hand, Vygotsky argues that cognitive development refers to the capacity of a person to learn through instruction with an emphasis on the environment. Moreover, Vygotsky saw the capability of individuals to learn through instruction as the basic feature of human intelligence (cited in Lloyd, 1995). In medical terms, language development can be identified as the process wherein the complexity of symbols, sounds, and meanings combined is being expanded steadily. This process shall depend on how a person interprets, understands, and perceives objects and symbols as influenced by his or her environment and learning process (Biology Online, 2005). Among children, especially those of 1 to 2 years of age, the early developments in language can be very well observed in their constant cooing, imitation of adult sounds and words, babbling, and use of shortened words and sentences (Biology Online, 2005). Lev Vygotsky’s Views on the Roots of Though and Language Lev Semenovich Vygotsky is a German psychologist who explained and expounded on the genetic approach to the early developments of thoughts and concepts in human development. He connected the changes and transitions occurring in this process from childhood to adulthood through a series of human developmental stages (Marxist Internet Archive, 1990). Although his theories have been rejected in the United States during the earlier part of the political conflict between the U. S. and Soviet Union, his works still became popular as the Cold War ended up to present date. His works basically revolved around the roots of thought and language. It will be easier to understand Vygotsky’s theories in psychology by understanding the main arguments from which his theories are rooted from. His main arguments about intelligence and cognitions state that, (1) thinking is understood developmentally in terms of its roots and succeeding growth at the individual and cultural levels of analysis; (2) thinking is interceded by semiotic mechanisms like speech which can be considered as the most powerful of such mechanisms; and (3) there are certain thinking processes like problem solving, voluntary memory, and self-regulation which have roots from social processes and interactions (Vygotsky cited in Goswami, 2004). As one may observe, more often than not, Vygotsky used the terms â€Å"speech† and â€Å"thinking† than language and thought. This preference to use such terms was believed to be linked with his perception of speech as a social or shared process (Lloyd, 1995). For Vygotsky, the developments of thinking and speech are two separate entities: thought being non-verbal and language being non-intellectual. However, he explained that during a specific time in a person’s life (around the age of two), the lines of development of these two areas start to meet again to induce the creation of a new behavior (Vygotsky cited in Schutz, 2004). He was able to expound his positions on this concept as he noted that, (1) thinking and speech have different roots at the start of their development; (2) at the beginning, there will be a pre-intellectual stage for speech and a pre-linguistic stage for thought; (3) there will come a point in time when these two aspects shall follow different curves unaffected with each other; (4) at a second point, their curves shall meet where thought will turn verbal, and speech, on the other hand, will turn rational; and lastly, (5) thinking and speech are not always overlying each other (Lloyd, 1995). Vygotsky’s theory has also been particular about the construction of words and acquisition of word meanings. He explains that the formation of word and word meaning is in a way related to how a child perceives a problem in communicating with his or her guardian. Vygotsky claims that word meanings are derived from the problem of not knowing what to call or how to describe a specific object, feeling, or thought, which the child usually asks from an adult (cited in Schutz, 2004). Vygotsky also acquired interest in understanding the possibilities that language may indeed affect how a person thinks. In contrast to Piaget’s focus on children’s egocentric and private speech, Vygotsky dealt with language as a form of social communication which progressively supports both language and thinking process. Applications of Vygotsky’s Constructivist Cognition Concept to a Child’s Education and Language formation Vygotsky’s Language Acquistion Theory has been influenced by the constructivist approach. In constructivism, problem solving is the core idea of all forms of learning, thinking, and development; that is, as a child encounters a problem and discovers consequences for its solutions, he or she eventually forms his or her thinking and understanding of a certain concept (Vygotsky cited in Brewer, 2007). In the constructivist view, prior knowledge plays a big part on how a child will perceive things as he or she grows up; that is, it is important for the learner to be able to construct new information into his or her current knowledge because the information connected to the learner’s prior experiences shall be forgotten easily. In application to real life situations, teachers can try to learn about the children’s prior knowledge about a specific problem or a specific topic which confuses them in order to gauge what the children already know and help them understand different experiences (Brewer, 2007). In relation to language development, Vygotsky also coined the concept of the zone of proximal development, which emphasizes that children acquire knowledge about objects and concepts they see as confusing through directed interactions from guardians, teachers, and parents. He explained that what children learn with the guidance and assistance of people around them appears to be a lot more suggestive of their learning development compared to what they usually do alone (Vygotsky, 1987, qtd. in Lloyd, 1995). Thus, speech and word meaning which is acquired by a child alone may not give him or her the utmost linguistic potential he or she can have. Language development as well as the other aspects of development a child goes through in the early years is highly important regardless of the learning genre or theory followed. Theories like Vygotsky’s language acquisition theory are formulated to give people specific basis of the different developmental processes. A child’s language development is never as plain as teaching him or her words and names; rather, it is a complex process which involves crucial elements and key areas where parents, teachers, and concerned guardians have to focus on in order to help the child realize his or her full potential. References Biology Online. (2005, October 3). Language Development.Retrieved November 14, 2008 from http://www. biology-online. org/dictionary/Language_development Brewer, W. (2007). Learning theory: Constructivist approach. Answers. com. Retrieved November 14, 2008 from http://www. answers. com/topic/learning-theory-constructivist-approach Goswami, U. (2004). Blackwell Handbook of Childhood Cognitive Development. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing. Lloyd. P. (1995). Psychology: Cognitive and Language Development. Leicester, UK: British Psychological Society. Marxist Internet Archive. (1990). Vygotsky, Lev Semenovich (1896-1934). Retrieved November 14, 2008 from http://www. marxists. org/glossary/people/v/y. htm#vygotsky-lev Schutz, R. (2004, December 5). Vygotsky language acquisition. English Made in Brazil. Retrieved November 14, 2008 from http://www. sk. com. br/sk-vygot. html Wells, K. R. (2008). Cognitive development. Encyclopedia of Children’s Health. Retrieved November 14, 2008 from http://www. healthofchildren. com/C/Cognitive-Development. html

Financial Highlights of John Lewis Performance Essay Example for Free

Financial Highlights of John Lewis Performance Essay Sales Sales are the activity within a business for the purchases of products and service. This is also the operating revenues that is earned by the company  by selling their products or services. Last year, the business was involved in an accounting scandal, and saw the departure of some senior executives. However the retail giant, which has more than 3,300 stores in the UK, had a better Christmas than expected. The sales over the holiday period were down just 0.3 percent on the year before and up 0. 1% if fuel sales are included. Overall, comparable sales for the three months to the beginning of January were down by 2.9%.Tescos chief executive, Dave Lewis, said the firm was facing the reality of the situation and was seeing the benefits of listening to our customers. Revenue Revenue are the amount of money that the business receives during a specific period which includes the discounts and deductions that are for returned merchandise Revenue is calculated by multiplying the price at which goods or services are sold by the number of units or amount sold. Tesco’s revenue increased from the years 2010 to 2011 from  £57,502m to  £61,174m. This infers to us that there would be an increase in the corporations stockholders equity and its assets. The revenues will increase the retained earnings section of stockholders equity. The assets that usually increase are cash or accounts receivable. Conversely within the years of 2012 to 2013 the business revenue decreased from  £64,541m to  £63,967. This indicates to us that the business reduced their pricing. However within 2013 and 2014 there was an increase within the revenue figures from  £63,967 to  £64,149. Profit Profit is the money that the business makes after accounting for all the expenses. This is a financial benefit that is realized when the amount of revenue gained from the business activity exceeds the expenses, costs and taxes needed to sustain the activity. Any profit that is gained goes to the businesss owners, who may or may not decide to spend it on the business. Tescos Britain’s biggest retailer Shares fell as much as 17 per cent to their lowest in around 14 years as it said trading profits for the year ending February 2015 would not exceed  £1.4bn. This is  £500m below current market forecasts of  £1.9bn. Debt Debt is the amount of money borrowed by one person from another. Many  corporations and individuals use debt as a method for making large purchases that they could not afford under normal circumstances. A debt arrangement gives the borrowing individual permission to borrow money under the condition that it is to be paid back at a later date, usually with interest. Within Tesco the debt decreased within the years of 2010 to 2013 from  £14.0b to  £13.5b because the business is paying off debts owed regularly which results in a positive cash flow. On the other hand the business debt increased within the years 2013 to 2014 from  £13.5b to  £14.5b. This is for the reason that the business are not paying off the liabilities that are owed. Pension A pension is a type of retirement plan, usually tax exempt, where an employer makes contributions toward a pool of funds set aside for an employees future benefit. The funds is then invested on the employees behalf, allowing the employee to receive benefits upon retirement. Philip Clarke and Laurie Mcllwee are members of the Tesco PLC pension scheme, which provides a pension up to two-thirds of base salary on retirement, normally at the age 60, dependent on service. Within the organisation each year’s pension earned before 1 June 2012 will be increased up to a maximum 5%. Turnover Turnover is the number of times an asset is replaced during a financial period. This would be the number of shares traded for a period as a percentage of the total shares in a portfolio or of an exchange. As we can see above, on Tesco profit and loss sheet there was an increase in the turnover from the years 2010 to 2011 from  £56910.0m to  £60455.0m. This indicates to us that Tesco has strong sales within this year as the business is re-stocking cash quickly and has a lower risk of becoming stuck with obsolete inventory. On the other hand within the years 2012 and 2013 there was a decrease in figures from  £63916.0m to  £63406.0m. This tells that the business is carrying too much inventory which suggest poor inventory  management and low sales.